10057英语教学论
For Krashen, the affective filter is the principal source of individual difference in second language acquisition.（）
题目
For Krashen, the affective filter is the principal source of individual difference in second language acquisition.（）
参考答案和解析
正确答案:正确
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相似问题和答案
第1题：
According to Krashen, __________ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.
A．learning
B．competence
C．performance
D．acquisition
B．competence
C．performance
D．acquisition
答案：D
解析：
考查语言习得。美国语言学家克拉申在20世纪70年代提出了“语言习得”理论，认为人们掌握语言有两种主要方式：一种是习得，另一种是学习。习得是指通过接触语言来学习语言，无意识地逐渐掌握语言规律。
第2题：
共用题干
The Bilingual Brain
When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt（干扰）the scanning.
Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
The Bilingual Brain
When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt（干扰）the scanning.
Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
Kim and Hirsch find that children______.
A: use the same region in Broca's area to learn their first and second language
B:learn a second language slower than adults
C:are better at acquiring the sound system of a second language than adults
D:use special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language
A: use the same region in Broca's area to learn their first and second language
B:learn a second language slower than adults
C:are better at acquiring the sound system of a second language than adults
D:use special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language
答案：A
解析：
由文章第一段最后一句可知，他们发现证据表明儿童和成人在学习第二语言时使用的是大脑的不同区域，故选B。
由文章第二段第一句可知，研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动，故选C。
由文章第三段第一句可知，这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义，这属于中枢的功能，故选B。
由文章第四段第一句可知，从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同，故选A。
文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同，尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式：触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言，尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断，但文中并没有这层隐含之意。
由文章第二段第一句可知，研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动，故选C。
由文章第三段第一句可知，这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义，这属于中枢的功能，故选B。
由文章第四段第一句可知，从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同，故选A。
文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同，尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式：触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言，尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断，但文中并没有这层隐含之意。
第3题：
In second language acquisition, age is an important factor.()
参考答案：正确
第4题：
In order to acquire a second language， learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t（）.
transfer
略
第5题：
共用题干
The Bilingual Brain
When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt（干扰）the scanning.
Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
The Bilingual Brain
When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt（干扰）the scanning.
Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
Karl Kim's study showed that______.
A:people learn English and Korean in different ways
B:children and adults use the different parts of the brain to learn a second language
C:it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluently
D:people's brains will not change when they learn a second language
A:people learn English and Korean in different ways
B:children and adults use the different parts of the brain to learn a second language
C:it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluently
D:people's brains will not change when they learn a second language
答案：B
解析：
由文章第一段最后一句可知，他们发现证据表明儿童和成人在学习第二语言时使用的是大脑的不同区域，故选B。
由文章第二段第一句可知，研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动，故选C。
由文章第三段第一句可知，这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义，这属于中枢的功能，故选B。
由文章第四段第一句可知，从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同，故选A。
文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同，尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式：触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言，尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断，但文中并没有这层隐含之意。
由文章第二段第一句可知，研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动，故选C。
由文章第三段第一句可知，这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义，这属于中枢的功能，故选B。
由文章第四段第一句可知，从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同，故选A。
文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同，尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式：触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言，尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断，但文中并没有这层隐含之意。
第6题：
According to Krashen,__________refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.
A. learning
B. competence
C. performance
D. acquisition
B. competence
C. performance
D. acquisition
答案：D
解析：
考查语言习得。美国语言学家克拉申在20世纪70年代提出了“语言习得”理论.认为人们掌握语言有两种主要方式：一种是习得，另一种是学习。习得是指通过接触语言来学习语言.无意识地逐渐掌握语言规律。
第7题：
共用题干
The Bilingual Brain
When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt（干扰）the scanning.
Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
The Bilingual Brain
When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt（干扰）the scanning.
Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that______.
A:students do better in high school than in college
B:bilingual children will learn better in college classes
C:mothers are good language teachers
D:it takes more time for adults to learn a second language
A:students do better in high school than in college
B:bilingual children will learn better in college classes
C:mothers are good language teachers
D:it takes more time for adults to learn a second language
答案：C
解析：
由文章第一段最后一句可知，他们发现证据表明儿童和成人在学习第二语言时使用的是大脑的不同区域，故选B。
由文章第二段第一句可知，研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动，故选C。
由文章第三段第一句可知，这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义，这属于中枢的功能，故选B。
由文章第四段第一句可知，从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同，故选A。
文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同，尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式：触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言，尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断，但文中并没有这层隐含之意。
由文章第二段第一句可知，研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动，故选C。
由文章第三段第一句可知，这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义，这属于中枢的功能，故选B。
由文章第四段第一句可知，从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同，故选A。
文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同，尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式：触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言，尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断，但文中并没有这层隐含之意。
第8题：
The critical age for language acquisition refers to the qualitative difference in language acquisition before and after the age around fifteen.()
参考答案：错误
第9题：
共用题干
The Bilingual Brain When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently,and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student,Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch,a neuroscientist in New York.______(46)They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.______(47)The other consisted of people who,like Kim, learned their second language later in life.People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner.This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning. Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca's area,which is believed to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. ______(48) People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both their first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.______(49)Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch'sound, and sight.______(50)
The Bilingual Brain When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently,and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student,Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch,a neuroscientist in New York.______(46)They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.______(47)The other consisted of people who,like Kim, learned their second language later in life.People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner.This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning. Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca's area,which is believed to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. ______(48) People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both their first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.______(49)Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch'sound, and sight.______(50)
______(46)
A:But their use of Broca's area was different.
B:One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.
C:How does Hirsch explain this difference?
D:We use special parts of the brain for language learning.
E:And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
F:Their work led to an important discovery.
A:But their use of Broca's area was different.
B:One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.
C:How does Hirsch explain this difference?
D:We use special parts of the brain for language learning.
E:And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
F:Their work led to an important discovery.
答案：F
解析：
空格后的“found”与选项F中的“discovery”的意义相近，且空格后的句子是对F的进一步解释。
空格前一句表明要对两组使用双语的人员的大脑进行研究，空格后的句子“The other…”讲的是一组人员的情况。由此可推测出，空格处讲的应是另一组人员的情况，B项符合题意。
整段讲的是Kim和Hirsch对大脑的两个语言中心的分析，空格前讲的是他们对Wernicke's area的使用情况的研究发现，空格处应为被测试者使用Broca's area的情况。A项符合题意。
空格前两句表明了成人学习第二语言与儿童学习第二语言时对Broca's area的不同使用情况，后面的“Hirsch beheves…”是Hirsch对这一现象的解释，根据上下文语境可知，空格处应选择C项。
最后一段第一句指出，儿童和成人学习语言的方式不同，空格前的句子讲的是母亲怎样教儿童学习说话，可知空格处应说明这与成人学习语言的不同，E项与这一语境最符合。
空格前一句表明要对两组使用双语的人员的大脑进行研究，空格后的句子“The other…”讲的是一组人员的情况。由此可推测出，空格处讲的应是另一组人员的情况，B项符合题意。
整段讲的是Kim和Hirsch对大脑的两个语言中心的分析，空格前讲的是他们对Wernicke's area的使用情况的研究发现，空格处应为被测试者使用Broca's area的情况。A项符合题意。
空格前两句表明了成人学习第二语言与儿童学习第二语言时对Broca's area的不同使用情况，后面的“Hirsch beheves…”是Hirsch对这一现象的解释，根据上下文语境可知，空格处应选择C项。
最后一段第一句指出，儿童和成人学习语言的方式不同，空格前的句子讲的是母亲怎样教儿童学习说话，可知空格处应说明这与成人学习语言的不同，E项与这一语境最符合。
第10题：
For Krashen, the affective filter is the principal source of individual difference in second language acquisition.（）
A对
B错
对
略