神经病学(医学高级)
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相似问题和答案
第1题：
迪谢内肌营养不良（Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD）的主要临床特点是：只有男婴或纯合状态下的女婴才表现症状，2岁开始进行性四肢肌无力、肌萎缩。其遗传方式为A、常染色体隐性遗传
B、常染色体显性遗传
C、性连锁隐性遗传
D、X连锁显性遗传
E、线粒体遗传
其致病基因为A、CLCN1
B、DMD
C、DMPK
D、GJB1
E、SMN
参考答案：问题 1 答案：C
问题 2 答案：B
问题 2 答案：B
第2题：
共用题干
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more._________(51)to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences（《美国国家科学院院刊》）.The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.
The research group analyzed the_________(52)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link_________(53) good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for__________(54) thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a________(55)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung________(56)and that your brain gets plenty of________(57),"says Michael Nilsson,professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be one of the reasons_________(58) we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular（肌肉的）__________(59).We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been __________(60) to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a_________(61)IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who_________(62)their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,"says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical__________(63)is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _________(64)national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _________(65).Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more._________(51)to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences（《美国国家科学院院刊》）.The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.
The research group analyzed the_________(52)of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link_________(53) good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for__________(54) thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a________(55)in the results for the IQ test,and not strength."Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung________(56)and that your brain gets plenty of________(57),"says Michael Nilsson,professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital."This may be one of the reasons_________(58) we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular（肌肉的）__________(59).We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been __________(60) to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a_________(61)IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who_________(62)their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,"says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre."This being the case,physical__________(63)is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _________(64)national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in _________(65).Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.
_________(54)
A:logical
B:critical
C:typical
D:positive
A:logical
B:critical
C:typical
D:positive
答案：A
解析：
本文第一句就将主题和盘托出“Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ..."。根据此论断可以推断，智商高的人进入大学学习的可能性也高。读完全文便可知这个推断是对的。所以，本题的答案只能是likely。
第二段第二句讲到：该项研究的样本是在1950-1976年之间入伍的120 万名新兵。新兵们报到时接受了体能测试和智商测试，研究人员对这两类测试的数据进行了分析。四个选项只有results符合这层意思。answers“答案”、works“作品”和scores“分数”都不合适。
上文多次论及身体健康与智商之间的关系。本句又重述两者的联系。四个选项中有个between，答案非它莫属。among是“在······之中”，数量超过两个人或两件事时才用among。本句只说两者的关系，所以不能选among。选项behind和without的意思与上下文搭配不上。
空格所在句子的意思是：身体健康与某种思维和语言理解能力有关。四个选项中logical“逻辑思维的”符合文意。critical"临界的，评论的",typical“典型的”,positive “正面的”，都与上下文的意思不符。
play a role是固定词组，填入所在句子后，上下文的意思连贯，所以是正确答案。play a place没有这种搭配。play a game“玩游戏”和play a trick“恶作剧”与上下文的意思不搭。
" Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung（健康意味着心肺功能好）"，所以选项disease“疾病”和treatment“治疗”可以排除。而good heart and lung后接 shape“形状”，意思是“好的心肺形状”，这与健康的关系也远了一些。本题只有capacity“能力”才是答案。
如前所述，身体健康意味着心肺功能好，这与大脑有什么关系呢？常识告诉我们，呼吸顺畅，通过肺部进入血液的氧气也多；心肺功能良好，就能有效地将带有氧气的新鲜血液源源不断地输送到大脑，大脑就能活跃地工作。所以，oxygen是答案。
reason (s)后面的定语从句的关系副词要用why。
第三段第三句给本题的答案提供了线索：" But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test , and not strength.（是健康，而不是力量，对智商测试的结果起了作用。）”本题的句子重复了上述论断，所以，缺失的词应该是strength。这一次作者把strength 说得更清楚，指的是muscular strength"肌肉力量”。本题的答案是。
本空格所在句的意思是：“通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论：智商的差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，这就解释了健康和高智商之间的联系。”填入本句最适合的词是able。 clever , lucky和clear都不合适，因为研究人员只有通过分析数据才能够得出结论，而不是靠幸运、聪明等。
文章反复论述，一个人身体健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness “健壮体魄”，后面出现的是IQ，修饰它的形容词就一定是higher。
根据全文的主要论点进行判断，本题的句子表达的意思一定是增强体质与提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的动词的词义一定与提高和改善认知能力（cognitive performance）有关。根据这一推论，入选的选项只有improve。
研究一下句子“This being the case , physical ________ is a subject..."，就知道physical加上要填入空格中的词应该是一门学科(subject)的名称。四个选项中，只有 physical education“体育”是门学科，所以，答案是D。
第二段曾说到新兵报到入伍时，接受了体能测试，本题的句子用的是复数形式的tests，说明他们在服兵役期间可能接受多次体能检查，所以要选during ( national service)，而before , after , without都与上述意思不符合。
研究人员还将新兵入伍报到时的体能测试和智商测试的结果与他们后来的社会经济地位进行了比较。比较的是什么时候的社会经济地位呢？最合理的选择是later in life“后来的生活中”。而later in marriage“后来的婚姻中”, later in residence“后来的居住中”或 later in service“后来的服务中”与社会经济地位搭配，显得十分勉强，所以都不是正确答案。
第二段第二句讲到：该项研究的样本是在1950-1976年之间入伍的120 万名新兵。新兵们报到时接受了体能测试和智商测试，研究人员对这两类测试的数据进行了分析。四个选项只有results符合这层意思。answers“答案”、works“作品”和scores“分数”都不合适。
上文多次论及身体健康与智商之间的关系。本句又重述两者的联系。四个选项中有个between，答案非它莫属。among是“在······之中”，数量超过两个人或两件事时才用among。本句只说两者的关系，所以不能选among。选项behind和without的意思与上下文搭配不上。
空格所在句子的意思是：身体健康与某种思维和语言理解能力有关。四个选项中logical“逻辑思维的”符合文意。critical"临界的，评论的",typical“典型的”,positive “正面的”，都与上下文的意思不符。
play a role是固定词组，填入所在句子后，上下文的意思连贯，所以是正确答案。play a place没有这种搭配。play a game“玩游戏”和play a trick“恶作剧”与上下文的意思不搭。
" Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung（健康意味着心肺功能好）"，所以选项disease“疾病”和treatment“治疗”可以排除。而good heart and lung后接 shape“形状”，意思是“好的心肺形状”，这与健康的关系也远了一些。本题只有capacity“能力”才是答案。
如前所述，身体健康意味着心肺功能好，这与大脑有什么关系呢？常识告诉我们，呼吸顺畅，通过肺部进入血液的氧气也多；心肺功能良好，就能有效地将带有氧气的新鲜血液源源不断地输送到大脑，大脑就能活跃地工作。所以，oxygen是答案。
reason (s)后面的定语从句的关系副词要用why。
第三段第三句给本题的答案提供了线索：" But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test , and not strength.（是健康，而不是力量，对智商测试的结果起了作用。）”本题的句子重复了上述论断，所以，缺失的词应该是strength。这一次作者把strength 说得更清楚，指的是muscular strength"肌肉力量”。本题的答案是。
本空格所在句的意思是：“通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论：智商的差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，这就解释了健康和高智商之间的联系。”填入本句最适合的词是able。 clever , lucky和clear都不合适，因为研究人员只有通过分析数据才能够得出结论，而不是靠幸运、聪明等。
文章反复论述，一个人身体健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness “健壮体魄”，后面出现的是IQ，修饰它的形容词就一定是higher。
根据全文的主要论点进行判断，本题的句子表达的意思一定是增强体质与提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的动词的词义一定与提高和改善认知能力（cognitive performance）有关。根据这一推论，入选的选项只有improve。
研究一下句子“This being the case , physical ________ is a subject..."，就知道physical加上要填入空格中的词应该是一门学科(subject)的名称。四个选项中，只有 physical education“体育”是门学科，所以，答案是D。
第二段曾说到新兵报到入伍时，接受了体能测试，本题的句子用的是复数形式的tests，说明他们在服兵役期间可能接受多次体能检查，所以要选during ( national service)，而before , after , without都与上述意思不符合。
研究人员还将新兵入伍报到时的体能测试和智商测试的结果与他们后来的社会经济地位进行了比较。比较的是什么时候的社会经济地位呢？最合理的选择是later in life“后来的生活中”。而later in marriage“后来的婚姻中”, later in residence“后来的居住中”或 later in service“后来的服务中”与社会经济地位搭配，显得十分勉强，所以都不是正确答案。
第3题：
Which of the following statements is NOT true about vagina? ()
A、It is a small sensory organ, which is located toward the front of the vulva where the folds of the labia join
B、It is a female’s external reproductive organ
C、It is a muscular, hollow tube that extends from the vaginal opening to the uterus
D、It is shaped like an upside-down pear, with a thick lining and muscular walls
参考答案：ABD
第4题：
共用题干
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)The study involved 1 .2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born be-tween 1950 and 1976 .The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,”says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength .We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahl-grenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case,physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)The study involved 1 .2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born be-tween 1950 and 1976 .The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,”says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength .We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahl-grenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case,physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.
Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness?
A: Brain size.
B: Good logical capacity.
C: Clear logical thinking.
D: Muscular strength.
A: Brain size.
B: Good logical capacity.
C: Clear logical thinking.
D: Muscular strength.
答案：D
解析：
由第一段中的“…major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.”可知，这个研究是由Sahlgrenska大学和附属医学院进行的研究，第二段中“The study involved 1. 2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.”提示，研究对象是瑞典人，因此可知，大学和附属医学院都是瑞典的。故选D。
由physical fitness（身体健康）可知，正确答案为D（强壮的力量）。ABC三个选项都是智力方面的能力。
由第五段的“ We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fit-ness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance.”知，通过提升自身素质，我们可以提升认知能力，故A正确;C选项语言理解能力属于认知能力，因此包含；而前文也说身体素质包括心肺能力，因此B正确。故选D。
根据第三段的“But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.”可知，身体健康和力气大并不是一回事儿。故选D。
secured意为“确定的，确保的”。故选B。
由physical fitness（身体健康）可知，正确答案为D（强壮的力量）。ABC三个选项都是智力方面的能力。
由第五段的“ We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fit-ness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance.”知，通过提升自身素质，我们可以提升认知能力，故A正确;C选项语言理解能力属于认知能力，因此包含；而前文也说身体素质包括心肺能力，因此B正确。故选D。
根据第三段的“But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.”可知，身体健康和力气大并不是一回事儿。故选D。
secured意为“确定的，确保的”。故选B。
第5题：
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.”But---_____some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does_____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,____heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to____,a good laugh is unlikely to have_____benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.____,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the____,studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter.muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state.______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted_______physical reactions.It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also_______tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow_____muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to____a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile–or with their lips，which would produce a（n）_____expression.Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown，_______that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around____，the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
A.exhausts
B.follows
C.precedes
D.suppresses
B.follows
C.precedes
D.suppresses
答案：C
解析：
本句承接上一段，上文提到“当人们流泪时会伤心”，可知伤心在流泪之后。但本句出现表示转折关系的although，由此判断这里要说另一种情况“伤心也会在流泪之前”，四个选项中[A]exhausts“使筋疲力尽，使疲惫不堪”，[B]follows“跟随”，[D]suppresses“压制，阻止，抑制”，均不符合语境，[C]precedes“先于，表示在……之前发生（或出现）”是正确答案。
第6题：
Epilepsy is a chronic nervous disorder characterized by ______.
A.severe nausea and cramps
B.muscular convulsions with partial or complete loss of consciousness
C.sudden thirst and craving for candy
D.severe agitation and desire to get out of closed spaces
正确答案：B
第7题：
共用题干
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate.It may also play an important role in love.But what is music,and how does it work its magic?Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals?One is language,and the other is music. It is true that some animals.can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people).However,the songs of animals,such as birds and whales,are very limited.It is also true that humans,not animals,have developed musical instruments.
Music is strange stuff.It is clearly different from language.However,people can use.music to communicate things-especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song,it is a very powerfnl form of communication.But,biologically speaking,what is music?
If music is truly different from speech,then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language.However,they don't automatically（自动地）lose their musical abilities.For example , Vissarion Shebalin , a Russian composer , had a stroke（中风）in 1953.It injured the left side of his brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could,however,still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other hand,sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability,but they can still speak and understand speech.This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions.But why does music have such a strong effect on us?That is a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller,a researcher at University College,London,thinks that music and love have a strong connection.Music requires -special talent,practice,and physical ability.That's why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone's mate.For example,singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remmher the notes（音符）.And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition.Finally,when a man sings to the woman he loves(or vice versa),it may be a way of showing off.
However,Miller's theory still doesn't explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists,this is clearly an area that needs fuither research.
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate.It may also play an important role in love.But what is music,and how does it work its magic?Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals?One is language,and the other is music. It is true that some animals.can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people).However,the songs of animals,such as birds and whales,are very limited.It is also true that humans,not animals,have developed musical instruments.
Music is strange stuff.It is clearly different from language.However,people can use.music to communicate things-especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song,it is a very powerfnl form of communication.But,biologically speaking,what is music?
If music is truly different from speech,then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language.However,they don't automatically（自动地）lose their musical abilities.For example , Vissarion Shebalin , a Russian composer , had a stroke（中风）in 1953.It injured the left side of his brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could,however,still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other hand,sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability,but they can still speak and understand speech.This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions.But why does music have such a strong effect on us?That is a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller,a researcher at University College,London,thinks that music and love have a strong connection.Music requires -special talent,practice,and physical ability.That's why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone's mate.For example,singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remmher the notes（音符）.And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition.Finally,when a man sings to the woman he loves(or vice versa),it may be a way of showing off.
However,Miller's theory still doesn't explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists,this is clearly an area that needs fuither research.
Humans are different from animals because____＿.
A:they have different languages and music
B:they have different languages and communications
C:they have different songs and languages
D:they have different music and songs
A:they have different languages and music
B:they have different languages and communications
C:they have different songs and languages
D:they have different music and songs
答案：A
解析：
根据第一段第一句可知，音乐可以作为高效的交流方式；根据第六段第六、十句可知，音乐可以作为一种有用的求爱工具；根据第六段第一句可知，音乐可以影响情绪。虽然第一段第三句出现了“magic”这个词，但并没有提到音乐可以用来表演魔术，故选B项。
第二段第一、二句表明，导致人类与动物不同的因素有两个：一个是语言，另一个是音乐。
根据第五段第一二句可知，丧失处理语言能力的人不会自动丧失音乐才能，所以A项错误；根据第五段第三、四、五、六句可知，Vissarion Shebalin在1953年患了中风，中风损伤了他的左脑，他变得不能说话或理解话语，却依然能够作曲，可知B、C两项错误；根据第五段最后一句可知，大脑对音乐和语言分别进行处理，D项正确，故选D项。
根据第六段第五句可知，作者认为学习音乐需要特殊的天赋、练习以及体能。文章中并没有提到学习音乐需要某种心理素养。
文章第一段提出了什么是音乐这个问题，然后指出音乐是人与动物区别的因素之一，第三段最后一句又再次提出了从生物学上来说音乐是什么这个问题，然后对此进行了分析。由此可知，本篇文章主要讲的是如何从生物学的角度来理解音乐。
第二段第一、二句表明，导致人类与动物不同的因素有两个：一个是语言，另一个是音乐。
根据第五段第一二句可知，丧失处理语言能力的人不会自动丧失音乐才能，所以A项错误；根据第五段第三、四、五、六句可知，Vissarion Shebalin在1953年患了中风，中风损伤了他的左脑，他变得不能说话或理解话语，却依然能够作曲，可知B、C两项错误；根据第五段最后一句可知，大脑对音乐和语言分别进行处理，D项正确，故选D项。
根据第六段第五句可知，作者认为学习音乐需要特殊的天赋、练习以及体能。文章中并没有提到学习音乐需要某种心理素养。
文章第一段提出了什么是音乐这个问题，然后指出音乐是人与动物区别的因素之一，第三段最后一句又再次提出了从生物学上来说音乐是什么这个问题，然后对此进行了分析。由此可知，本篇文章主要讲的是如何从生物学的角度来理解音乐。
第8题：
Both ( ) and ( ) have muscular walls and are able to expand.
A、hymen
B、vagina
C、womb
D、labia
参考答案：BC
第9题：
共用题干
Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)
1.Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers,leaves,bark,branches or roots of plants which are considered tohave healing properties.In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils,such as almond(杏仁)oil,or the are diluted(稀释)with water.These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin,sprayed in the air,or applied as a compress（敷药）.
2.Many people have aromatherapy massages（按摩）,and depending on the treatment a person is having,the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders.The massage is smooth and flowing,as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm.The sessions are tailored to the individual's health and mood at the time,so every session is unique.
3.Practitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream,where they can affect the whole body and promote healing.Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion,improves the functions of respiratory system,reduces muscular aches and pains,and promotes muscle relaxation and tone.It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation,lower blood pressure,and help combat insomia （失眠）and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches , anxiety , and mild depression.
4.However,while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being,some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers.While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people,it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness.Furthermore,not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health.There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions.The study of aroma-therapy is relatively new and unexplored.More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.
Aromatherapy(芳香疗法)
1.Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers,leaves,bark,branches or roots of plants which are considered tohave healing properties.In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils,such as almond(杏仁)oil,or the are diluted(稀释)with water.These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin,sprayed in the air,or applied as a compress（敷药）.
2.Many people have aromatherapy massages（按摩）,and depending on the treatment a person is having,the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders.The massage is smooth and flowing,as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm.The sessions are tailored to the individual's health and mood at the time,so every session is unique.
3.Practitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream,where they can affect the whole body and promote healing.Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion,improves the functions of respiratory system,reduces muscular aches and pains,and promotes muscle relaxation and tone.It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation,lower blood pressure,and help combat insomia （失眠）and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches , anxiety , and mild depression.
4.However,while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being,some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers.While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people,it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness.Furthermore,not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health.There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions.The study of aroma-therapy is relatively new and unexplored.More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.
Paragraph 2_____
A:Current Research Into Aromatherapy
B:Aromatherapy and Conventional Medicine
C:Different Views About Aromatherapy
D:Introduction to Aromatherapy
E:Doubts About the Benefits of Aromatherapy
F:Personalized Aromatherapy Massage
A:Current Research Into Aromatherapy
B:Aromatherapy and Conventional Medicine
C:Different Views About Aromatherapy
D:Introduction to Aromatherapy
E:Doubts About the Benefits of Aromatherapy
F:Personalized Aromatherapy Massage
答案：F
解析：
文章第一段的内容主要是对芳香疗法的简要介绍，讲述了芳香疗法这种特殊疗法的原理、特性以及人们对其的评价等相关内容。因此本题选D。
文章第二段讲述了芳香疗法按摩的方法和功效。并由“depending on the treatment a person is having…”和“The sessions are tailored to the…”可知，本段的主旨是Personalized Aromatherapy Massage，故选F。
文章第三段从各种方面描述了芳香疗法对人体的好处。由文中的“Practitioners of aromatherapy believe that…""Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that…"以及“It has alsobeen argued that…”可知，作者是从不同的角度展开描述的，故选C。
文章第四段从不同方面指出了芳香疗法对人体可能会产生的负面影响，故选E。
由文章第一段中的内容可知，芳香疗法主要使用由从植物的花、叶，皮、枝以及根茎中提取的精华油制成的溶液剂，这些溶液剂可以直接擦在皮肤上，喷洒于空气中，也可以作外敷药用。因此本题选D。
由文章第二段最后一句“The sessions are tailored to the individual's health and mood atthe time,so every session is unique.”可知，本题选A。
由文章第三段所描述的内容可知，一些人认为芳香疗法对人体具有多种功效。故本题选E。
文章第四段最后两句指出，关于芳香疗法的研究还是一个未知的新课题，还需要进行更多的探索，以形成关于其用途和功效的科学结论。故本题选B。
文章第二段讲述了芳香疗法按摩的方法和功效。并由“depending on the treatment a person is having…”和“The sessions are tailored to the…”可知，本段的主旨是Personalized Aromatherapy Massage，故选F。
文章第三段从各种方面描述了芳香疗法对人体的好处。由文中的“Practitioners of aromatherapy believe that…""Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that…"以及“It has alsobeen argued that…”可知，作者是从不同的角度展开描述的，故选C。
文章第四段从不同方面指出了芳香疗法对人体可能会产生的负面影响，故选E。
由文章第一段中的内容可知，芳香疗法主要使用由从植物的花、叶，皮、枝以及根茎中提取的精华油制成的溶液剂，这些溶液剂可以直接擦在皮肤上，喷洒于空气中，也可以作外敷药用。因此本题选D。
由文章第二段最后一句“The sessions are tailored to the individual's health and mood atthe time,so every session is unique.”可知，本题选A。
由文章第三段所描述的内容可知，一些人认为芳香疗法对人体具有多种功效。故本题选E。
文章第四段最后两句指出，关于芳香疗法的研究还是一个未知的新课题，还需要进行更多的探索，以形成关于其用途和功效的科学结论。故本题选B。
第10题：
共用题干
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)The study involved 1 .2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born be-tween 1950 and 1976 .The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,”says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength .We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahl-grenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case,physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)The study involved 1 .2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born be-tween 1950 and 1976 .The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen,”says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength .We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins,the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg,researcher at the Sahl-grenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case,physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.
The study findings include the following EXCEPT that_______.
A: growth factors are significant for a person's IQ
B: young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests
C:youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education
D: young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ
A: growth factors are significant for a person's IQ
B: young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests
C:youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education
D: young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ
答案：D
解析：
由第一段中的“…major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.”可知，这个研究是由Sahlgrenska大学和附属医学院进行的研究，第二段中“The study involved 1. 2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.”提示，研究对象是瑞典人，因此可知，大学和附属医学院都是瑞典的。故选D。
由physical fitness（身体健康）可知，正确答案为D（强壮的力量）。ABC三个选项都是智力方面的能力。
由第五段的“ We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fit-ness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance.”知，通过提升自身素质，我们可以提升认知能力，故A正确;C选项语言理解能力属于认知能力，因此包含；而前文也说身体素质包括心肺能力，因此B正确。故选D。
根据第三段的“But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.”可知，身体健康和力气大并不是一回事儿。故选D。
secured意为“确定的，确保的”。故选B。
由physical fitness（身体健康）可知，正确答案为D（强壮的力量）。ABC三个选项都是智力方面的能力。
由第五段的“ We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fit-ness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance.”知，通过提升自身素质，我们可以提升认知能力，故A正确;C选项语言理解能力属于认知能力，因此包含；而前文也说身体素质包括心肺能力，因此B正确。故选D。
根据第三段的“But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.”可知，身体健康和力气大并不是一回事儿。故选D。
secured意为“确定的，确保的”。故选B。