寄生虫学
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相似问题和答案
第1题：
且有免疫逃避现象，可在细胞内有效逃避宿主免疫反应的是
A、旋毛虫
B、囊尾蚴
C、棘球蚴
D、蛔虫幼虫
E、利什曼原虫
参考答案：E
第2题：
有些寄生虫侵入免疫功能正常的宿主体内后，能逃避宿主的免疫攻击而继续生存、发育、繁殖，这种现象称为免疫逃避。免疫逃避的机制包括2个方面，即源于宿主的免疫逃避和源于寄生虫的免疫逃避。封闭抗体属于的免疫逃避机制为A、抗原变异
B、抗体变异
C、抑制宿主的免疫应答
D、抗原伪装
E、抗体伪装
非洲锥虫有顺序地更换其表面糖蛋白，其免疫逃避机制为A、抗原变异
B、抗体变异
C、分子模拟
D、抗原伪装
E、抗体伪装
参考答案：问题 1 答案：C
问题 2 答案：A
问题 2 答案：A
第3题：
He seemed _______ these emotions.
A. immune from
B. immune to
C. untouched by
D. immune away
参考答案：B
第4题：
简述免疫逃避机制。
正确答案: 1.组织学隔离
2.表面抗原改变或伪装
（1）抗原变异；
（2）分子模拟与伪装；
（3）表膜脱落与更新。
3.抑制宿主的免疫应答
（1）特异性B细胞克隆的耗竭；
（2）抑制性T细胞（Ts）的激活；
（3）分泌虫源性淋巴细胞毒性因子；
（4）封闭抗体的产生。
第5题：
共用题干
第一篇
Immune Functions
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system.
The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication net-
work consisting of millions and millions of cells.Organized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information
back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive（蜂巢）.The result is a sensitive system of checks and
balances that produces an immune response that is prompt,appropriate,effective,and self-limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune
defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or nonself molecules,the immune troops move quickly
to eliminate the intruders（人侵者）.Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as
self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather,immune
cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance.When a normally functioning
immune system attacks a nonself molecule,the system has the ability to"remember"the specifics of the
foreign body.Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules,the immune system reacts
accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies（抗体）passed during lactation（授乳期）, this so
called immune system memory is not inherited.Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family,your immune
system must"learn"from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonseif molecules in the sea of
microbes（微生物）in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match
up with and counteract each nonseif invader.
Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen（抗原）.Antigens are not
to be confused with illergens（过敏原）,which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune
system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy.An antigen can be a virus,a bacte-
rium,or even a portion or product of one of these organisms.Tissues or cells from another individual also act
as antigens,because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign,it rejects them.The body
will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their
primary,nonantigenic building blocks.An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and charac-
teristic shapes called epitopes（抗原表位）, which protrude（突出）from its surface. Most antigens , even the
simplest microbes,carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface;some may even carry several
hundreds.Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response.Only in abnormal
situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.
第一篇
Immune Functions
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system.
The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication net-
work consisting of millions and millions of cells.Organized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information
back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive（蜂巢）.The result is a sensitive system of checks and
balances that produces an immune response that is prompt,appropriate,effective,and self-limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune
defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or nonself molecules,the immune troops move quickly
to eliminate the intruders（人侵者）.Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as
self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather,immune
cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance.When a normally functioning
immune system attacks a nonself molecule,the system has the ability to"remember"the specifics of the
foreign body.Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules,the immune system reacts
accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies（抗体）passed during lactation（授乳期）, this so
called immune system memory is not inherited.Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family,your immune
system must"learn"from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonseif molecules in the sea of
microbes（微生物）in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match
up with and counteract each nonseif invader.
Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen（抗原）.Antigens are not
to be confused with illergens（过敏原）,which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune
system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy.An antigen can be a virus,a bacte-
rium,or even a portion or product of one of these organisms.Tissues or cells from another individual also act
as antigens,because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign,it rejects them.The body
will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their
primary,nonantigenic building blocks.An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and charac-
teristic shapes called epitopes（抗原表位）, which protrude（突出）from its surface. Most antigens , even the
simplest microbes,carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface;some may even carry several
hundreds.Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response.Only in abnormal
situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.
What is used to describe the communication network consisting of cells in the immune system?
A:The immune system's memory.
B:Immune troops sliminating intruders.
C:Bees flying around a hive.
D:A sea of microbes.
A:The immune system's memory.
B:Immune troops sliminating intruders.
C:Bees flying around a hive.
D:A sea of microbes.
答案：C
解析：
由第一段第三句中的“like clouds of bees flying around a hive”可知选B。
由文章第二段第五句可知答案为A。
由文章最后一段中的“An antigen announces its foreignness by …characteristic shapes …" 可知选C。
由文章最后一段第一句可知，能引起免疫反应的物质叫抗原，即抗原能引起免疫反应， 故选B
由文章第二段第一句“At the heart of the immune system...”可知选D。 heart相当 于basic。
由文章第二段第五句可知答案为A。
由文章最后一段中的“An antigen announces its foreignness by …characteristic shapes …" 可知选C。
由文章最后一段第一句可知，能引起免疫反应的物质叫抗原，即抗原能引起免疫反应， 故选B
由文章第二段第一句“At the heart of the immune system...”可知选D。 heart相当 于basic。
第6题：
不属于人感染疟原虫后在临床上表现的免疫类型是
A、体液免疫
B、带虫免疫
C、伴随免疫
D、细胞免疫
E、免疫逃避
参考答案：C
第7题：
机体抗细胞内细菌感染免疫属于
A、细胞免疫
B、体液免疫
C、被动免疫
D、免疫逃避
E、免疫抑制
参考答案：A
第8题：
法律规避（evasion of law）
参考答案：
是指涉外民事法律关系的当事人为利用某一冲突规范，故意制造某种连结点的客观事实，以避免本应适用的法律，从而使对自己有利的法律得以适用的一种逃法或脱法行为。
第9题：
共用题干
第一篇
Immune Functions
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system.
The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication net-
work consisting of millions and millions of cells.Organized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information
back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive（蜂巢）.The result is a sensitive system of checks and
balances that produces an immune response that is prompt,appropriate,effective,and self-limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune
defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or nonself molecules,the immune troops move quickly
to eliminate the intruders（人侵者）.Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as
self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather,immune
cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance.When a normally functioning
immune system attacks a nonself molecule,the system has the ability to"remember"the specifics of the
foreign body.Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules,the immune system reacts
accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies（抗体）passed during lactation（授乳期）, this so
called immune system memory is not inherited.Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family,your immune
system must"learn"from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonseif molecules in the sea of
microbes（微生物）in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match
up with and counteract each nonseif invader.
Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen（抗原）.Antigens are not
to be confused with illergens（过敏原）,which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune
system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy.An antigen can be a virus,a bacte-
rium,or even a portion or product of one of these organisms.Tissues or cells from another individual also act
as antigens,because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign,it rejects them.The body
will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their
primary,nonantigenic building blocks.An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and charac-
teristic shapes called epitopes（抗原表位）, which protrude（突出）from its surface. Most antigens , even the
simplest microbes,carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface;some may even carry several
hundreds.Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response.Only in abnormal
situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.
第一篇
Immune Functions
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system.
The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication net-
work consisting of millions and millions of cells.Organized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information
back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive（蜂巢）.The result is a sensitive system of checks and
balances that produces an immune response that is prompt,appropriate,effective,and self-limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune
defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or nonself molecules,the immune troops move quickly
to eliminate the intruders（人侵者）.Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as
self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather,immune
cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance.When a normally functioning
immune system attacks a nonself molecule,the system has the ability to"remember"the specifics of the
foreign body.Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules,the immune system reacts
accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies（抗体）passed during lactation（授乳期）, this so
called immune system memory is not inherited.Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family,your immune
system must"learn"from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonseif molecules in the sea of
microbes（微生物）in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match
up with and counteract each nonseif invader.
Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen（抗原）.Antigens are not
to be confused with illergens（过敏原）,which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune
system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy.An antigen can be a virus,a bacte-
rium,or even a portion or product of one of these organisms.Tissues or cells from another individual also act
as antigens,because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign,it rejects them.The body
will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their
primary,nonantigenic building blocks.An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and charac-
teristic shapes called epitopes（抗原表位）, which protrude（突出）from its surface. Most antigens , even the
simplest microbes,carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface;some may even carry several
hundreds.Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response.Only in abnormal
situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.
The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known as________.
A:self-tolerance
B:balance
C:harmony
D:tolerance
A:self-tolerance
B:balance
C:harmony
D:tolerance
答案：A
解析：
由第一段第三句中的“like clouds of bees flying around a hive”可知选B。
由文章第二段第五句可知答案为A。
由文章最后一段中的“An antigen announces its foreignness by …characteristic shapes …" 可知选C。
由文章最后一段第一句可知，能引起免疫反应的物质叫抗原，即抗原能引起免疫反应， 故选B
由文章第二段第一句“At the heart of the immune system...”可知选D。 heart相当 于basic。
由文章第二段第五句可知答案为A。
由文章最后一段中的“An antigen announces its foreignness by …characteristic shapes …" 可知选C。
由文章最后一段第一句可知，能引起免疫反应的物质叫抗原，即抗原能引起免疫反应， 故选B
由文章第二段第一句“At the heart of the immune system...”可知选D。 heart相当 于basic。
第10题：
免疫逃避
正确答案: 宿主感染疟原虫后，通过尝试体液免疫和细胞免疫应答，抑制疟原虫的发育增殖，但疟原虫也有较强的适应能力可拮抗宿主的免疫杀伤作用，疟原虫具有逃避宿主免疫应答的现象称为免疫逃避。