单选题In what PIM topology would you use MSDP within a single domain？（）A Auto-RPB Anycast RPC Bootstrap routerD PIM sparse mode

参考答案：A, B

正确答案：
(b) Choosing the right combination of styles to manage the desired change will be an interesting challenge to John as the principal
change agent. Education and communication will be vital in getting the police officers to buy in to the need for change. It is
only by changing their perception of the nature and size of the city centre problem that any change in activity will be possible.
Communication will also be important to keep the other stakeholders informed and on board – in this case the mayor is likely
to be a key player.
Having convinced the police officers of the need for and achievability of the change John has then to motivate them to become
involved. This is achieved through collaboration and participation. John will determine the extent to which officers or task
groups are involved in various parts in the change process. Here the emphasis is on getting a shared ownership of the problem
and getting better solutions to parts of the problem. As with education and communication this may be a time-consuming
process.
Intervention by John may be needed at various points in the change process; he may delegate certain activities to others but
retain the coordination and control of the project. On occasions it may be necessary for John to take direct control over the
process in order to clarify and speed-up the whole process but such direction may cause a lack of acceptance and a poorly
conceived strategy. Finally, in times of crisis resort may have to be made to coercion/edict. This is likely to be the leastsuccessful means of managing change and should only be used when exceptional circumstances are present.

参考答案：C

正确答案：
(d) One of the most widely used models to identify excellence is that of Peters and Waterman developed in their research into
excellent American companies. Interestingly, they agreed with Leavitt in that the companies identified as excellent, whether
they were manufacturers or service businesses, could be seen as offering an excellent service to their customers. This required
them to understand what their customers really valued and then put in place the resources, competences and decision making
processes that delivered the desired attributes. Excellence was positively associated with innovation. Using their checklist of
excellent attributes, Universal could see to be excellent in the following ways:
A bias for action – there is evidence to suggest that both Matthew and Simon are action orientated. They showed an admirable
willingness to experiment and develop a service that added significant value to the customer experience.
Hands-on, value driven – again, the commitment to deliver a quality service – one that they are totally familiar with and able
to deliver themselves – suggests that this value is communicated and shared with staff. The use of self employed installers
and sales people make this commitment particularly important.
Close to the customer – all the evidence points to a real and deep understanding of customer needs. The opportunity for the
business stems from the poor customer service provided by their small competitors. Systems are designed to achieve the ‘no
surprises’ service, which leads to significant levels of customer recommendation and advocacy.
Autonomy and entrepreneurship – there is evidence of a strong belief that individuals and teams should be encouraged to
compete with one another, but not in ways that compromise the quality of the service delivered.
Simple form. – lean staff – Universal is a small functionally managed firm. There is no evidence of creating a large
headquarters, since managers are closely involved with the day-to-day management of their function.
Productivity through people – people are key to the service provided and there is recognition that teams are crucial to the
firm’s growth and success.
Simultaneous loose-tight properties – more difficult to identify in a small company, but there is clearly commitment to shared
values and giving people the freedom to achieve results within this value framework.
These measures of excellence again show the importance of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ factors in achieving outstanding performance.
An alternative interpretation is to see these attributes as critical success factors, which if achieved, are clearly linked to key
performance indicators. Universal’s growth shows the link between strategy and the qualities needed to achieve this growth.
The ubiquitous balanced scorecard could also be used to measure four key criteria of company performance and
benchmarking the company against the major installers could also provide evidence of excellence. The recent gaining of a
government award for Universal’s contribution to inner city job creation is also a useful indicator of all round excellence.