单选题Cargo Carriage Contracts是指（）。A 仓储合同B 货运合同C 买卖合同D 租赁合同

Deadfreight is the charge for the ______.

A.carriage of demise cargo

B.cost of transshipment of over-carried cargo

C.difference in the amount of cargo loaded and the amount of cargo discharged

D.difference in the amount of cargo loaded and the amount of cargo booked，through no fault of the vessel

______ include goods，wares，merchandise，and articles of every kind whatsoever except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried．

A.Goods

B.Things

C.Items

D.Articles

Chemical Tankers are generally referred to the cargo ships constructed or adapted and used for the carriage of ________ ．

A.liquid chemicals in bulk

B.solid chemicals in bulk

C.chemicals in bulk

D.cargoes in bulk

材料：

As with the duties of loading and stowing of the carrier under Hague Rules and national statutes incorporating one or other of those Rules，there is a difference of opinion as to whether the carrier may validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party，notably to the consignee．Despite some lower court expressions to the contrary，the more prevalent view is that loading，stowing and discharging are “non-delegable”obligations of the carrier of GOODs by sea.

In consequence，while it may be permissible to transfer the responsibility for paying for loading，stowing and discharging to the shipper or consignee（e．g．by inserting an“FIOST”clause in the bill of lading），this or any other clauses which purport to also transfer the liability for fault or negligence in the conduct of these operations from the carrier to cargo are null and void，because they relieve or lessen the carrier&39;s obligations otherwise than as permitted by the Act．

This position is well-founded，given the fundamental purpose of the Rules and the national statutes of protecting shippers and consignees against the superior bargaining power of carriers．While acceptable in charterparties，which are contracts of private carriage，such clauses are rightly set aside by courts in carriage under bills of lading．

问题：

According to this passage，“FIOST”clause in the bill of lading is ______．

A.not accepted by courts

B.acceptable in courts

C.a non-delegable clause in the bill of lading

D.incorporated in the bill of lading to avoid superior bargaining by the carrier against the receiver

The prevalent view is that ______．A.the carrier may validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party

B.whether the carrier may validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party is still in dispute

C.it is not necessary to consider whether the carrier may validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party

D.the carrier may mot validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party

It can be inferred that the author ______ the opinion that the carrier may validly delegate its responsibility for discharging the cargo to another party．A.supports

B.does not support

C.has not indicated whether he supports or not

D.has no interest in discussing

In the eyes of law，an“FIOST”clause in the bill of lading ______．A.does not transfer the responsibility for paying for loading，stowing and discharging to the shipper or consignee

B.has nothing to do with the responsibility of the carrier

C.relieves or lessens the carrier's obligations otherwise than as permitted by the Act

D.imposes more obligations to the carrier than as permitted by the Act

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Your tanker is carrying a cargo of styrene．Which of the following is NOT a requirement for carriage of this cargo ________．

A.P/V valves with galvanized parts must be replaced

B.Authorization to carry styrene must be endorsed on the Certificate of Inspection

C.You must have a Certificate of Inhibition provided by the shipper

D.The cargo tank heating coils must be blanked off

The prima facie rule that the law of the flag governs contracts of carriage by sea ______ the paramount rule of the intention of the parties，which may be express，or implied from the circumstances of the sea．

A.subject to

B.subjects to

C.subjects

D.is subject to

Cargo that is suitable for carriage on Ro-Ro vessels includes ______．

A.Trailers

B.Rolling vehicles

C.Containers

D.All of the above

When considering a vessel&39;s stability，which spaces in a general cargo vessel are the best locations for the carriage of bulk grain?

A.Deep tanks

B.Lower holds

C.Lower holds at the ends of the vessel

D.Tween-decks

It is possible，and sometimes necessary，to strengthen the deck of a vessel for carriage of deck cargo by ______．

A.placing bunker on the deck

B.building a stage on which to place the cargo

C.welding steel feet to the deck，on which the cargo is placed

D.erecting vertical pillars under the deck to support the cargo

材料：

In a bill of lading there might be a clause known as general liberty to carry on deck clause which reads“Carrier has liberty to carry GOODs on deck”．This clause frequently gives the carrier the option of stowing the cargo either on or under deck，while also exempting the carrier from all liability for loss of or damage to cargo stowed on deck．

A clause of this type is an option，not a statement．The problem arises when the bill of lading contains this clause，but the face of the bill of lading does not state that the cargo was loaded on deck．Under such circumstances，it would appear that deck carriage is unjustifiable for at least two reasons：a）The general liberty to carry on deck clause is merely an option to carry on deck，a choice which the carrier ordinarily does not make．If the bill of lading does not bear a statement on its face giving notice that the cargo is actually stowed on deck，then by default the option has been exercised in favour of under deck carriage．b）The typewritten or handwritten wording on the face of a bill of lading has precedence over the bill&39;s printed clauses．And a clean bill of lading，because it implies under-deck stowage，is functionally equivalent to a typewritten or handwritten notation on the face of the document calling for carriage below deck．A clean bill of lading therefore overrides the printed liberty to carry on deck clause．

A general deck carriage clause without a statement on the face of the bill of lading that cargo is carried on deck is merely an option not exercised and the deck carriage is therefore a fundamental breach of the contract and the Rules．

问题：

A clause which reads“Carrier has liberty to carry GOODs on deck”contained in B/L is ________．

A.a statement

B.a problem

C.an option

D.a typewritten or handwritten wording on its face

If there is no deck stowage statement on the face of B/L，it is implied that ________．A.all cargoes are stowed under deck

B.all cargoes are stowed on deck

C.cargoes are stowed either on or under deck

D.it can not be decided whether cargoes are stowed on or under deck

If a handwritten wording on the face of B/L is in conflict with one of its printed clause，________．A.the handwritten wording shall prevail

B.the printed clause shall prevail

C.both the handwritten wording and the printed clause shall be ignored

D.the B/L shall become null and void

The deck carriage is justifiable only when ________．A.there is a general liberty to carry on deck clause in the B/L and a statement on its face that the cargo is actually stowed on deck

B.there is either a general liberty to carry on deck clause in the B/L or a statement on its face that the cargo is actually stowed on deck

C.there is neither general liberty to carry on deck clause in the B/L nor a statement on its face that the cargo is actually stowed on deck

D.only when the carrier is exempted from all liability for loss of or damage to cargo stowed on deck

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！