GMAT
单选题Students at a certain university have complained that some of their professors do not provide copies of their lecture notes at every class. The student body president has argued that, in order to further the educational purposes of the university, all
题目
At the most popular classes, there are often insufficient quantities of lecture note copies to accommodate all of the students.
Students have acknowledged that if the lecture notes are posted online, they will be less likely to go to class.
Professors complain that the university does not provide sufficient copying funds, so that professors often have to pay for copies of lecture notes out of their own pockets.
Over 80 percent of students have access to the Internet in their dorm rooms, and all students have 24-hour access to the Internet at the computer lab.
The university has publicly stated that one of the educational goals of the university is to help all students gain competency with the Internet.
相似问题和答案
第1题：
What, then, is a good education at the end of the twentieth century? Some educators suggest that it should include foreign languages and the study of foreign cultures；a mastery of English, including the ability to write and speak well, because communications have become all-important in the modern world. and also because “a person who doesn't speak and write Clearly doesn't reason clearly either” ; some knowledge of the social sciences(sociology, psychology)that deal with human relations and human problems；some basic knowledge of modem information systems, since the educated professionals of tomorrow will have to understand their machines. Is that all? “No, of course not. ”answer the educators, “We have not mentioned the two great building blocks of education：history and literature!”
Is this truly the best modern education? Perhaps. But every educator would add or subtract a few subjects. And no matter what list of courses would be offered, it would not be approved by all. Not only do the professors have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs' too. “I don't believe, ”protested a Harvard student when his university revised its programs, “I don't believe that colleges have the fight to define what an educated person is. ”But then, who has?
那么什么是20世纪末的良好教育呢?有些教育家提出应包括外国语言和文化的研究；掌握好英语，包括写和说的能力。因为交流已成为现代世界最重要的事情，而且也因为“一个说不清楚、写不明白的人也不会清晰地思考”。还要有一些处理人的关系和人类问题的社会科学知识(社会学、心理学)，一些现代信息系统的基本知识，明天的受过教育的专业人员必须懂得他们的机器(电脑)。是不是就这么多了呢?“不是，当然不是，”教育学家们答道，“我们还没有提到教育的两大块积木：历史和文学呢!”
这果然是最好的现代教育吗?也许是吧。但每个教育学家总会加上或减去几门学科，不管拿出一个什么样的课程表来，总不会得到每一个人的认可，对这件事不仅教授们有自己的看法，而且学生也有自己的想法。哈佛大学修改授课计划时，该校有一个学生抗议说：“我认为学校无权下定义来规定什么人才是受过教育的人。”然而，谁有呢?
第2题：
Passage Four
Students all over the world have to work for their education. A college education in the United States is
expensive. The costs are so high that most families begin to save for their children's education when their children are babies. Even so, many young people cannot afford to pay the expenses of full-time college work. They do not have enough money to pay for school costs. Tuition for attending the university, books for classes, and living expenses are high. There are other expenses such as chemistry and biology lab fees and special student activity fees for such things as parking permits and football tic, kets. The cost of college education increases every year. However, classrooms are still crowded with students. Some American students have scholarships or other support, but many do not.
Students from other countries have money problems to overcome, too. Because students in most international programs need to have a sponsor, they work hard to earn scholarships or special loans. International students understand the value of going to school in another country. They also know that it is difficult. Yet just as Americans choose to attend American universities in spite of the difficulty, however, it is usually possible for students from abroad to work on university campuses to pay for some of the costs of their education. Some people believe that students value their education more if they work for it.
48. Tuition for attending the university in the United States is ______.
A. inexpensive
B. high
C. free from charge
D. costless
本题属细节题。文章第五句已明确点明。
第3题：
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each
course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student would probably attend four or five courses each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for a degree over a longer period of time. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree courses, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to perspective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
1. Normally a student would at least attend _______ classes each week.
A. 36
B. 12
C. 20
D. 15
2. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _______.
A. to live in a different university
B. to take a particular course in a different university
C. to live at home and drive to classes
D. to get two degrees from two different universities
3. American universities students are usually under pressure of work because _________
A. their academic performance will affect their future career
B. they are heavily involved in student affairs
C. they have to observe university disciplines
D. they want to run for positions of authority
4. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because _____
A. they have the constant pressure and strain of their study
B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university.
C. such positions help them get better jobs
D. such positions are usually well-paid
5. The student organizations seem to be effective in ______.
A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university
B. ensuring that the students observe university regulations
C. evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a court.
D. keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activities
参考答案：BBACB
第4题：
Teaching and Learning
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student.If a long reading assign-
ment is given,instructors expect students to be__________(51)with the information in the reading even if
they do not discuss it in class or__________(52)an examination.The ideal student is________(53)to
be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning,not the one interested only in getting high
___________(54).Sometimes homework is returned with brief written____________(55)but without a
grade.Even if a grade is not given,the student is___________(56)for learning the material assigned.
When research is_________(57),the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it
with minimum___________(58).It is the student's responsibility to find books,magazines,and articles in
the library.Professors do not have the time to__________(59)how a university library works;they expect
students to exhaust the___________(60)resources in the library.Professors will help students who need it,
_________(61)prefer that their students should not be too __________(62)on them.In the United
States professors have many other___________(63)besides teaching,such as administrative or research
work.Therefore,the time that a professor can spend__________(64)a student outside of class is limited.
if a student has problems with classroom work,the student should either__________(65)a professor
during office hours or make an appointment.
A:but
B:even
C:thus
D:and
take an examination固定搭配，意思是“参加考试”，符合句意。
be considered to是固定搭配，意思是“被认为是”，符合句意。test测试，测验；recognize 认出，辨认出；assess评价，评定。
结合上文，该句意思是：理想的学生是为了学习知识而学习的，而不是为了获得高分而 学习的。grade意思是“成绩，分数”，符合句意。level水平，水准；degree度，度数；hope希望， 期望。
根据上下文，该句意思是：（返回的作业上）写有简单的评语但没有分数。comment意思 是“意见，评论”，符合句意。task工作，任务；declaration重要声明，宣言；question问题。
be responsible for是固定搭配，意思是“对······负责，承担责任”。anxious焦虑的，不安 的，担心的；concerned有关的，有牵连的；eager热切的，渴望的。
assign意思是“分配，指派”，符合句意。complete结束，完成；design设计；learn学习， 学会。
该句意思是：当研究内容分配下来以后，教授希望学生积极去做并且是在花费最少的 指导下完成。guidance意思是“指导，引导”，符合句意。requirement必需品，要求的事物；effort 力气，精力；evidence证据，证明。
该句意思是：教授们没有时间来解释大学图书馆是怎样运作的。explain意思是“解释， 说明”，符合句意。wonder对（某事）感到疑惑；想要知道；inquire询问，打听；speculate猜测， 推测。
reference意思是“参考，参照”,reference resources是“参考来源”的意思，符合句意。 inner内部的；personal亲自的，亲身的；natural正常的，平常的。
联系上下文，这里应该填一个表示转折的连接词，but符合句意。
dependent on意思是“依赖，依靠”，符合句意。keen感兴趣的，渴望的；energetic充满活 力的，精力充沛的；active积极的，活跃的。
该句意思是：在美国，教授们除了教学之外，还有许多其他的任务，比如管理方面或研 究方面的工作。duty意思是“责任，义务”，符合句意。opportunity机会；preference偏爱，偏好； point想法；某一事实。
结合上句意思，本句意思应该是：因此，在课堂之外一个教授能够跟学生在一起的时间 是有限的。spend with sb．意思是“花时间和某人在一起”，符合句意。
approach意思是“接近”，符合句意。trouble麻烦（某人），给（某人）添麻烦；select挑选， 选择；catch抓住。
第5题：
Teaching and Learning
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student.If a long reading assignment is given,instructors expect students to be familiar with the ______(1)in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination.The ______(2) student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of______(3) ,not the one interested only in getting high grades.Sometimes homework is returned ______(4) brief written comments but without a grade.
Even if a grade is not given,the student is ______(5) for learning the materi al assigned.When research is______(6), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with______(7) guidance.
It is the student's responsibility to find books,maga-zines,and articles in the library.Professors do not have the time to explain______(8) a university library works；they expect students______(9) graduate students to exhaust the reference______(10) in the library.Professors will help students who need it,but______(11) that their students should not be______(12)dependent on them.In the United States professors have many other duties______(13)teaching,such as administrative or research work.Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is______(14).
If a student has problems with classroom work,the student should either______(15)a professor during office hours or make an appointment.
A:suggestion
B:context
C:abstract
D:information
此句大意为“有理想的学生是为了学习而学习”，只有ideal最符合要求，故选B。
本文讲的是与学生学习相关的内容，A,B,D项均不合文意及句意，故排除。
此处要区分几个介词的含义，be returned with一般有“带着……回来”之意，此句意为“有时，被发回来的作业上只有简短的评价，并无分数”。be returned by意为“被……带回来”，而for,in于此搭配不当，所以答案选D。
be responsible for是固定搭配，表示“对……负责任”。其他选项放在此处都不合上下文含意。
此句意思是“当选定了一项研究课题时，教授们期望学生积极对待”。A和 D不合题意，最大的干扰项B意思为“分配，分布”，一般指一个整体被分散给许多个体，与之相比，C选项更为合适。
老师肯定希望学生能够在尽可能少的指导下完成研究。只有B选项意为 “最小的”，为正确答案。
首先排除B选项，因为此处需要一个关系副词充当宾语从句的状语，而 what是关系代词，之后要看整句的意思，“教授们没有时间去给学生解释一个大学图书馆是怎样运作的”。A和C虽然符合语法要求，但放此处意思不通，故选D。
A项“尤其”,B项“本质上”，C项“明显地”,D项“很少地，难得”。此处强调研究生，A选项较为合适。
此句意为“教授们期望学生，尤其是研究生阅尽图书馆中的文献资源”。A 项意为“选集”,B项为“集合”，两者一般都指文学作品的“集合”，而此处是学术界的文献。C 与D选项都有“来源，源头”的意思，但D选项侧重于“起源，开端”，C项更侧重于“原始资料”, 所以C项为正确答案。
根据下文意思，A和B选项可直接排除，教授们肯定是喜欢学生不依赖他们。D选项的含义比C选项更递进了一步，符合题意，故选D。
dependent是形容词，前面不能与such, much搭配，D选项more放在此处构成比较级，但前文并无原级与之相比较，因此只剩下A为答案，此句意为“教授们愿意帮助那些需要帮助的学生，但更希望学生不要太过依赖他们”。
此题重点在于区分三个有“除……之外”含义的介词。A选项一般翻译成 “而不是，并不是”,B选项意为“除去……之外”,D选项意为“除去……之外还……”，此句意思为“美国的教授除了教书之外还有许多其他的职责”，故D为答案。
根据上文含义，一个教授能花在学生身上的时间一定是有限的，A,C,D项不合题意，直接排除，B选项为正确答案。
此题还是承接上文含义，正因为教授时间有限，因此学生若想与之沟通，定要等教授在学校的时候，或是提前约好。C选项意为“接近，靠近”，为正确答案，A项“问候”, B项“使……厌恶”,D项“依附，伴随，添加”，意思均与文意不符。
第6题：
american university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions. ()
第7题：
Sending E-mails to Professors
One student skipped class and then sent the professor an e-mail________(51)for copies ofher teaching notes.
Another_________(52)that she was late for a Monday class because she was recovering fromdrinking too much at a wild weekend party.
At colleges and universities in the U. S.,e-mail has made professors more approachable（平易近人）.But many say it has made them too accessible,__________(53)boundaries that traditionally kept students at a healthy distance.These days,professors say,students seem to view them as available_________(54)the clock, sending a steady stream of informal e-mails.
"The tone that they take in e-mails is pretty astounding（令人吃惊的）,"said Michael Kessler, an assistant dean at Georgetown University."They'll________(55)you to help:'I need to know this."'"There's a fine________(56)between meeting their needs and at the same time maintaining a level of legitimacy（正统性）as an_________(57)who is in charge."
Christopher Dede,a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education,said_________ ( 58 ) show that students no longer defer to（听从）their professors,perhaps because they realize that professors'________(59)could rapidly become outdated."The deference was driven by the_______(60)that professors were all-knowing sources of deep knowledge,"Dede said,and that notion has_________(61).
For junior faculty members,e-mails bring new tension into their work,some say, as they struggle with how to________(62).Their job prospects,they realize,may rest in part on student evaluations of their accessibility.College students say e-mail makes________(63)easier to ask questions and helps them learn.
But they seem unaware that what they write in e-mails could have negative effects________ (64)them,said Alexandra Lahav,and associate professor of Law at the University of Connecticut. She recalled an e-mail message from a student saying that he planned to miss class so he could play with his son.Professor Lahav did not respond.
"Such e-mails can have consequences,"she said."Students don't understand that ________(65)they say in e-mail can make them seem unprofessional,and could result in a bad recommendation."
A:control
B:shout
C:order
D:make
complain意为“抱怨”;argue意为“辩解”。此处应该是学生解释（explain) 她迟到的原因。
注意词语的搭配。remove和boundary搭配使用，其他三个词不能和 boundary一起用。
about the clock相当于around the clock，意为“全天的，一天24 小时”。
学生请求教授帮忙的语气是惊人的，所以选order，即他们用命令的语气。
在满足学生要求的同时保持作为老师的正统性，这里需要有一个良好的平衡。从后面的介词between判断，应该选balance。其他三个词意思不对，requirement意为 “要求”;contradiction意为“矛盾，冲突”;tension意为“紧张”。
在此选instructor表明教授对学生学习的指导作用，所以不选A和D, lecturer意为“讲师”。
本文主题是谈论给教授发电子邮件，学生发送邮件表明他们不再对教授的话言听计从。
根据上下文，我们判断此处应该是教授的专业技能而非science, technology或imagination（想象力）变得过时。
从上下文判断，下一句提到“notion"，所以此处填notion（理念）。
这种理念应该是被削弱了，而非增强了（strengthen, reinforce）或是坚定了 (consolidate）。
本题为搭配题。这里指年轻的教师被期望尽快回复学生的邮件，所以选 respond。
这里缺少一个形式主语it，代替后面的不定式主语“to ask questions and helps them learn”。
have effects on是固定搭配。
what引导的名词从句作主语，指学生所发送邮件的内容。
第8题：
A、student has complained of
B、student have complained of
C、student has complained
D、student have complained
第9题：
Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student._________(51) a long reading assignment is given,instructors expect students to be familiar with the_________(52) in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination.The__________(53) student is considered to be one who is motivated（激励）to learn for the sake of_________(54),not the one interested only in getting high grades.Sometimes homework is returned________(55)brief written comments but without a grade.Even if a grade is not given,the student is_________(56) for learning the material assigned.When research is________(57),the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.It is the_________(58)responsibility to find books, magazines,and articles in the library.Professors do not have the time to explain _________(59)a university library works;they expect students,______(60)graduate students,to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library.Professors will help students who need it,but_________(61)that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties________(62)teaching,such as administrative or research work.________(63),the time that a professor can spend with student outside of class is_________(64).If a student has problems with classroom work,the student should either approach a professor during office hour_________(65)make an appointment.
A:hate
B:dislike
C:like
D:prefer
information“信息”。advice“建议”。context“上下文，背景”。abstract“摘要”。只有information符合句子意思。
ideal“理想的”。poor“差的”。average“普通的，平均的”。disappointed“使人失望的”。只有ideal符合句子意思。
该句是说明理想学生是什么样子。An ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated（激励）to learn for the sake of learning,not the one interested only in getting high grades．理想的学生应该是为了学习而学习，而不是只对得高分感兴趣。
with brief written comments这里表示作业被老师返还回去时，上面写上了简短的评语，表达伴随状态，这里选with最合适。
be responsible for sth.“对······负责任”，是固定搭配。
assign“布置”。collect“收集”。distribute“分配”。finish“完成”。When research is assigned的意思是“当教授给学生布置研究任务时”。
上一句中说：…the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance．教授希望学生积极参与，在尽可能少的指导下完成。因此这里说的查阅书籍、杂志和图书馆文献这些事情都是学生的职责。
how a university library works“大学图书馆如何运作”。只有how意思合适。
particularly“尤其是”。essentially“基本上”。apparently“明显地”。rarely “很少”。…they expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference sources in the library······他们希望学生尤其是研究生能够充分利用图书馆的各种参考资料。
prefer that sb.should not do sth.“宁愿某人不要做某事”。只有prefer有此用法。
besides“除了······以外还有”。这里是说美国老师除了教学任务之外，还有行政和科研等任务。
前一句中提及的美国老师任务繁多导致的结果就是老师和学生在一起的时间很有限，因此这里选择therefore表达这种因果关系。
limited“有限的”。plentiful“充足的”。irregular“不规则的”。flexible“灵活的”。只有limited符合句子意思。
either do sth.or do sth.“或者······或者······”，这里选择 or和前面的either搭配。
第10题：
A professor′s teaching method is another factor（因素）that determines the degree and type of student participation.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without controlling it.Many professors encourage students to question their ideas.Students who object to the professor′s point of view should be prepared to prove their positions.
In the teaching of science and mathematics,the controlling mode of instruction is generally traditional,with teachers presenting formal lectures and student staking notes.However,new educational trends have turned up in the humanities and social sciences in the past twenty years.Students in education,society,and history classes,for example,are often required to solve problems in groups,design projects,make presentations,and examine case studies.Since some college or university courses are"practical"rather than theoretical,they pay more attention to"doing"for themselves.
"Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student"in many courses except in__________.
B.the humanities and social sciences
C.informal lecture courses
D.discussion courses