二级笔译
单选题Oxford is a city with such a mind-blowing reputation that many who come herefind themselvs ______ by the place and can’t wait to leave, while others, who take to it like a duck to water, find themselves returning again and again.A threatenedB intimidat
题目
threatened
intimidated
deprived
maltreated
相似问题和答案
第1题：
A.in
B.with
C.within
D.by
第2题：
2 John Dixon is the recently appointed Chief of Police for a major city in the UK. He has inherited a major problem in
that its residents are very concerned with various forms of antisocial behaviour and minor crimes carried out by a
small number of people, which makes living, working, travelling and socialising in the city centre unpleasant rather
than life threatening. The city’s residents have recently voted for it being one of the five worst cities in the UK in which
to live. There is little or no contact between the police and these residents.
The city is split into a number of police districts, each with its own senior officer in charge. Their focus is on the
response to emergency calls and solving serious crimes in their district rather than the less urgent crimes affecting
everyday living in the city. Response times and serious crime solution rates are the traditional measures by which their
performance is measured and leave them open to criticism of simply reacting to events. There is little sense of being
part of a city police force and, consequently, little sharing of information and experience between the different districts.
The failure in policing antisocial behaviour in the city is seen as being largely the result of a shortage of resources.
There are also important internal and external groups varying in their support or resistance to any necessary change
in policing strategy. Key players include the mayor of the city anxious to improve the reputation of the city, the city’s
press, traditionally used to highlighting police failures rather than successes and finally the courts of justice, which
are reluctant to take on the increased workload that any moves towards reducing antisocial behaviour would produce.
John is aware of the complexity of the problem he faces in changing the way the city is policed to improve the quality
of life of its citizens. He has, however, an impressive track record as a change agent in previous appointments and is
confident that he can bring about the necessary change.
Required:
(a) Using change management models where appropriate, provide John with a brief report on the nature of
change needed in the way the city is policed in order to improve the city’s quality of life. (12 marks)
(a) To: John Dixon
From: Change Management consultant
Changes to policing and impact on the city’s quality of life
This is a complex problem involving different stakeholders each of which is looking for different results from the policing
system. The recognition of the need to change is one of the most difficult parts of the change process. There will be
considerable commitment to the current ways of doing things reinforced by the ways in which performance is measured. The
various stakeholders involved will have different perceptions of the problem and the need for change. They will have different
levels of power and influence and different levels of interest in seeing the change happen. Mendelow’s model for mapping
may prove useful in understanding how to handle the expectations of the different groups. The key players would clearly be
the senior officers in charge of the city’s districts who will be responsible for implementing any change in the way the city is
policed. You will have to decide how to convince these officers that a change to the way they currently do things is needed.
One suggestion is that they actually get first-hand experience of the conditions being faced by the city’s residents. Another
group with significant power and interest are the courts because if they refuse to process the cases of antisocial behaviour
then the whole strategy will fail. However, the interest of the mayor and the media in the reputation the city has gained may
be used to counter the reluctance of the courts to take on the extra workload.
One of the most popular models for understanding change and likely resistance to it, is to carry out a forcefield analysis.
Johnson, Scholes and Whittington argue that such an analysis ‘provides an initial view of change problems that need to be
tackled, by identifying forces for and against change’. They ask three key questions:
What aspects of the current situation might aid change in the desired direction, and how might these be reinforced?
What aspects of the current situation would block such a change, and how can these be overcome?
What needs to be introduced or developed to aid change?
Forcefield analysis
Pushing Resisting
Residents’ desire for safer city Police commitment to serious crime
Mayor of city – city’s reputation District focus and not city concern
John Dixon’s desire for change Traditional performance measures
Courts fear of increased workload
Police resources over committed
Forcefield analysis was first developed by Kurt Lewin and linked to his 3-step model of change where to accomplish desired
change it is necessary to get the various stakeholders to recognise the need for change and unfreeze the situation. This will
require you to use some or all of the styles of managing change explained below. One of the real problems is that each
stakeholder will feel that they have an objective view of the situation. Getting a shared view may be very difficult to achieve
and require real leadership on your part.
Once the need to change is agreed there will need to be major changes in the way the city is policed to achieve the desired
goal of eliminating antisocial behaviour and improving the quality-of-life for the city’s residents. Real change will be needed
to the way in which police resources are deployed, the systems used to police on a city rather than on a district basis and
the way results are measured and publicised. There will be a need for ‘quick wins’ to show the potential positive results
achievable with the new strategy.
Finally, rewards and sanctions must be put in place to re-enforce the desired state of affairs and prevent behaviours slipping
back to the previous position. Here you will need to look at how to refreeze the situation and clearly show how the new
position means that the goals of the city and its stakeholders are really shared.
There are many available change models for a programme such as this such as the Gemini 4Rs framework and most will
look to assess the scope of change required and the timeframe. available to achieve it. Undoubtedly, you will require many ofthe skills associated with project management in a major change programme such as this.
Yours,
第3题：
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of message filtering?
A semantics
B media
C ethics
D organizational status
E reputation
第4题：
This is an opportunity to()the reputation of the company.
A. help
B. promote
C. enhance
第5题：
A.where
B.there
C.which
D.that
第6题：
关系模式CSZ(CITY,ST,ZIP)其属性组上的函数依赖集为F={(CITY,ST)→ZIP， ZIP→CITY}，关系模式CSZ的主属性是
A．ZIP
B．CITY,ST,ZIP
C．CITY,ZIP
D．ST,ZIP
解析：包含在任何一个候选码中的属性叫做主属性。在这道题中全部属性都是主属性。掌握函数依赖和主属性之间的关系，以及如何根据函数依赖关系判断主属性。
第7题：
听力原文：Reputation risk is particularly damaging for banks since the nature of their business requires maintaining the confidence of depositors, creditors and the general marketplace.
(5)
A．Depositors are usually full of confidence, but not the creditors.
B．Banks should maintain the confidence of depositors and creditors.
C．The nature of banks' business particularly damages their reputation.
D．Maintaining the confidence of depositors, creditors and the general marketplace particularly damages banks' reputation.
解析：单句意思为“由于银行自身的经营特点，银行需要存款人、债权人和一般市场对银行维持信任。如果遭遇信誉风险，银行将受到毁灭性的打击。”
第8题：
A.ity=null
B.city=‘null‘
C.city is null
D.city is ‘null‘
第9题：
City born and city bred, he always thinks city life is () coutry life.
A、superior than
B、inferior than
C、superior to
D、inferior to
第10题：
B:surprised
C:attracted
D:interested