单选题When do Americans prefer to use their family names?A When they are working.B When writing a business letter.C They use their family names on formal occasions.D When they are in trouble

A、mistakes

B、characteristics

C、replacement

D、analysis

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Males and females in the family took turns using the bathtub.

B. Some bathtubs were big enough for many people to bathe in at the same time.

C. All the women and girls of a family could bathe together standing up in the tub.

D. When several family members bathed together, they did not use the bathtub.

Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems themselves, and solve their problems ______ themselves.

A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on

A and

B nor

C or

D so

When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember __

A. all their names B. a couple of names first

C. just their last names D. as many names as possible

A

Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.

Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.

The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.

The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

56. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover? A. Places where people lived.

B. People’s characters.

C. Talents that people possessed.

D. People’s occupations.

When the author says "You will miss smile" in paragraph two, he means______.

A. you will feel that Americans do not seem very friendly

B. you will be puzzled why Americans do not smile at you

C. you will fail to notice that Americans are pleasant and happy

D. you will find that Americans don't have much sense of humor

D

Anne and Joseph are talking about an interesting question. Why do some people change their names? There can be many reasons. Hanna changed her name to Anne because she thought it would be easier for people to remember. On the other hand, Joseph is thinking about changing his name to an unusual name because he wants to be different.

People have a lot of reasons for changing their names. Film stars, singers, sportsmen and some other famous people often change their names because they want names that are not ordinary, or that have special sound. They chose the “new name” for themselves instead of the name their parents gave them when they were born.

Some people have another reason for changing their names. They have moved to a new country and want to use a name that is usual there. For example, Li Kaiming changed his name to Ken Lee when he moved to the United States. He uses the name Ken at his job and at school. But with his family and Chinese friends, he uses Li Kaiming. For some people, using different names makes life easier in their new country.

In many countries, a woman changes her family name to her husband’s after she gets married. But today, many women are keeping their own family name and not using their husband’s. Sometimes , women use their own name in some situations （情况）and their husband’s in other situations . And some use both their own name and their husband’s.

根据短文内容，完成下面表格。

different people

reason to change the name

Hanna

It is ____61____ for people to remember.

Joseph

He wants to have a name that’s ____62_____.

famous people

Their name may sound _____63_____.

Li Kaiming

Using different names can make ____64_____ easier.

a woman

After she gets _____65_____, she may change her name.

61._________________________________________________________________________

People here usually()each other by their first names instead of family names.

A. call

B. work

C. hear