英语中级口译岗位资格证书考试
单选题Dr. Hartmann is mentioned in the passage ______.A as the opponent of Dr. Ian OswaldB because he has strange sleeping habitsC as the pioneering sleep scientistD because of his observation and analysis of sleep habits
题目
单选题
Dr. Hartmann is mentioned in the passage ______.
A
as the opponent of Dr. Ian Oswald
B
because he has strange sleeping habits
C
as the pioneering sleep scientist
D
because of his observation and analysis of sleep habits
参考答案和解析
正确答案：
C
解析：
由题干中Dr. Hartmann定位到第三段，该段提到每个人需要的睡眠时长都不一样，此外最后一句给出Dr. Ernest Hartmann的观点：找出你所需要的睡眠时间，你将成功地使你的身体以最大的效率运转，接下来文章对Dr. Ernest Hartmann关于睡眠的研究发现进行了介绍，因此D项为正确答案。
由题干中Dr. Hartmann定位到第三段，该段提到每个人需要的睡眠时长都不一样，此外最后一句给出Dr. Ernest Hartmann的观点：找出你所需要的睡眠时间，你将成功地使你的身体以最大的效率运转，接下来文章对Dr. Ernest Hartmann关于睡眠的研究发现进行了介绍，因此D项为正确答案。
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相似问题和答案
第1题：
共用题干
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had______.
A:no drive and ambition
B:the best sleep habits
C:no electric light
D:nothing to do in the evening
A:no drive and ambition
B:the best sleep habits
C:no electric light
D:nothing to do in the evening
答案：C
解析：
文章第二段第一句说人们睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明；第三句说良好的睡眠习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，无法在地里干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合文意。
在文章第二段倒数第二句David博士直接指出：人们在睡眠问题上自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人经常忽略睡眠不足产生的后果，故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认为睡眠是最不重要的事情。A项“工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠”符合文意。
本题考了一个熟悉的词、subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果，研究人员让subjects通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听到过的文章。所以，这里subjects指人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
由文章第二段最后一句“…when they really need 7.5 , 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.和最后一段的研究结果“We've found that if you 're in sleep deficit , performance suffer…”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，故选D。
在文章第二段倒数第二句David博士直接指出：人们在睡眠问题上自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人经常忽略睡眠不足产生的后果，故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认为睡眠是最不重要的事情。A项“工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠”符合文意。
本题考了一个熟悉的词、subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果，研究人员让subjects通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听到过的文章。所以，这里subjects指人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
由文章第二段最后一句“…when they really need 7.5 , 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.和最后一段的研究结果“We've found that if you 're in sleep deficit , performance suffer…”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，故选D。
第2题：
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had_______.
A:no drive and ambition
B:the best sleep habits
C:no electric light
D:nothing to do in the evening
A:no drive and ambition
B:the best sleep habits
C:no electric light
D:nothing to do in the evening
答案：C
解析：
文章第二段第一句说：睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明。第三句说：良好的睡眠 习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，地里无法干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合题意。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。
第3题：
Suppose we built a robot(机器人)to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors(探测器)to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to stop its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.
According to the evolutionary(进化的)theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny(否认)that sleep provides some important restorative functions(恢复功能). It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform. those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into;it does not protect us form. trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.
The evolutionary theory explains the differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival(生存)depends on their ability to run away from attackers.
1. The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us _____.
A. the differences between robots and men
B. the reason why men need to sleep
C. about the need for robots to save power
D. about the danger of men working at night
2. Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him _____.
A. keep up a regular pattern of life
B. prevent trouble that comes looking for him
C. avoid danger and inefficient labour
D. restore his bodily functions
3. According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we _____.
A. are worrying about our safety
B. are overworked
C. are in a tent
D. are away from home
4. Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats _____.
A. need more time for restoration
B. are unlikely to be attackers
C. are more alive than horses when they are awake
D. spend less time eating to get enough energy
5. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? _____
A. Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.
B. The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.
C. Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.
D. The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.
参考答案： BCADA
第4题：
共用题干
Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep
The United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.
Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.
Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.
The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.
An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.
Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep
The United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.
Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.
Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.
The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.
An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.
The FDA announced that______.
A:thirteen drug companies were closed last Wednesday
B:only thirteen drugs could treat sleeping disorders
C:some sleep drugs could lead to serious side effects
D:some makers of sleeping pills provided false information to their patients
A:thirteen drug companies were closed last Wednesday
B:only thirteen drugs could treat sleeping disorders
C:some sleep drugs could lead to serious side effects
D:some makers of sleeping pills provided false information to their patients
答案：C
解析：
由文章第二段第一句可知，上周三，美国食品药物监督管理局发表声明称，一些治疗失眠的药物存在未知的危险副作用，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句可知，这些药物的副作用包括引起危及生命的过敏性反应，故选C。
由文章第三段第二句可知，去年美国国会议员Kennedy驾车撞上了一栋大楼旁边的防护栏，故选A。
由文章第四段第二句可知，《纽约时报》报道称去年有人声称服用药物Ambien后出现了奇怪的睡眠症状，一些人还称出现了睡梦中驾驶和梦中行走的现象，故选D。
由文章第五段第三句可知，美国食品药物监督管理局认为如果人们按照指导服用，并且服用时避免饮酒，那么出现这些奇怪行为的风险就会降低，故选D。
由文章第二段第二句可知，这些药物的副作用包括引起危及生命的过敏性反应，故选C。
由文章第三段第二句可知，去年美国国会议员Kennedy驾车撞上了一栋大楼旁边的防护栏，故选A。
由文章第四段第二句可知，《纽约时报》报道称去年有人声称服用药物Ambien后出现了奇怪的睡眠症状，一些人还称出现了睡梦中驾驶和梦中行走的现象，故选D。
由文章第五段第三句可知，美国食品药物监督管理局认为如果人们按照指导服用，并且服用时避免饮酒，那么出现这些奇怪行为的风险就会降低，故选D。
第5题：
共用题干
Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep
The United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.
Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.
Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.
The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.
An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.
Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep
The United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.
Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerouseffects.These include the risk of life-threatening allergic（过敏性的）reactions.They also include rareincidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.
Last year,a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident.PatrickKennedy , a representative from Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security barrier near the building wherelawmakers meet.The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedy saidhe had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug thatcan cause sleepiness.
The FDA did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.
An FDA official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs.The FDA has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.
What happened to Patrick Kennedy last year?
A:He crashed his car into a security barrier.
B:He was killed during a car accident.
C:His car broke down on the way home.
D:He was treated for stomachache.
A:He crashed his car into a security barrier.
B:He was killed during a car accident.
C:His car broke down on the way home.
D:He was treated for stomachache.
答案：A
解析：
由文章第二段第一句可知，上周三，美国食品药物监督管理局发表声明称，一些治疗失眠的药物存在未知的危险副作用，故选C。
由文章第二段第二句可知，这些药物的副作用包括引起危及生命的过敏性反应，故选C。
由文章第三段第二句可知，去年美国国会议员Kennedy驾车撞上了一栋大楼旁边的防护栏，故选A。
由文章第四段第二句可知，《纽约时报》报道称去年有人声称服用药物Ambien后出现了奇怪的睡眠症状，一些人还称出现了睡梦中驾驶和梦中行走的现象，故选D。
由文章第五段第三句可知，美国食品药物监督管理局认为如果人们按照指导服用，并且服用时避免饮酒，那么出现这些奇怪行为的风险就会降低，故选D。
由文章第二段第二句可知，这些药物的副作用包括引起危及生命的过敏性反应，故选C。
由文章第三段第二句可知，去年美国国会议员Kennedy驾车撞上了一栋大楼旁边的防护栏，故选A。
由文章第四段第二句可知，《纽约时报》报道称去年有人声称服用药物Ambien后出现了奇怪的睡眠症状，一些人还称出现了睡梦中驾驶和梦中行走的现象，故选D。
由文章第五段第三句可知，美国食品药物监督管理局认为如果人们按照指导服用，并且服用时避免饮酒，那么出现这些奇怪行为的风险就会降低，故选D。
第6题：
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
Many Americans believe that________.
A:sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busy
B:they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday life
C:to sleep is something one can do at any time of the day
D:enough sleep promotes people's drives and ambition
A:sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busy
B:they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday life
C:to sleep is something one can do at any time of the day
D:enough sleep promotes people's drives and ambition
答案：A
解析：
文章第二段第一句说：睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明。第三句说：良好的睡眠 习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，地里无法干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合题意。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。
第7题：
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
According to Dr. David,Americans_________.
A:are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C:don't know how to relax themselves properly
D:can't get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
A:are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C:don't know how to relax themselves properly
D:can't get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
答案：B
解析：
文章第二段第一句说：睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明。第三句说：良好的睡眠 习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，地里无法干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合题意。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。
第8题：
共用题干
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
第二篇
Sleep Deficit
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流
行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less
sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably
be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a
century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien-
tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best
sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was
dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8
hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even
realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,
when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever
pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive
item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours'
sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-
logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage
read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says
Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."
The word"subjects"(Line 1,Para 4)refers to_________.
A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit
B:special branches of knowledge that are being studied
C:people whose behavior or reactions are being studied
D:the psycological consequences of sleep deficit
A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit
B:special branches of knowledge that are being studied
C:people whose behavior or reactions are being studied
D:the psycological consequences of sleep deficit
答案：C
解析：
文章第二段第一句说：睡眠不足始于一个世纪前电灯的发明。第三句说：良好的睡眠 习惯是强加于人的，晚上天黑，地里无法干活。由此可以推断出，C项符合题意。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。
本题为推理判断题。在文章第二段后半部分David博士直接提出：人们在睡眠问题上 自己欺骗自己，而且他们根本没有意识到这一点。由此可以推断出美国人也经常忽略睡眠不 足产生的后果。故选B。
文章第三段第二句话说：只要来自工作、家庭、朋友或社会的压力增加了，许多人就认 为睡眠不足是不重要的事情。A项；工作一忙，首先可以牺牲的是睡眠，符合题意。
本题为词义辨析题。本题考了一个熟悉的词subject。它是一个多义词，可以表示“题目”、“科目”等。但这些义项在这里都不合适。要确定它的意思，最关键的是要准确弄清它所 在句子前后部分的意思和关系。这句话前一部分说，要确定睡眠不足引起的后果：研究人员让 subject。通过一系列的心理和能力的测验，要求them将几栏数字加起来或回忆几分钟前所听 到过的文章。所以，这里subjects是人，是“正在被研究的对象”。选项C是正确答案。
本题为判断推理题。在文章最后一段研究结果“We' ye found that if you' re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,""Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现。故选D。第三篇 本篇文章讲述了营养不良是造成发展中国家许多儿童体重过低，生长发育缓慢的主要原因。 世界卫生组织(WHO）呼呀国际社会关注这一现象。然而在世界范围内仍有一大批人正遭受营养不 良所带来的病痛。仅从数据方面看，铁缺乏是最普遍的微量元素缺乏症，发病人群主要是孕妇和儿 童。文章最后提到治疗铁缺乏症的一些措施。
第9题：
共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."
According to Dr. David,Americans___________.
A: are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C:do not know how to relax themselves properly
D:can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
A: are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit
C:do not know how to relax themselves properly
D:can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
答案：B
解析：
细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。
第10题：
共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."
The word"subjects"(line 1,Para.4)refers to__________.
A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit
B:special branches of knowledge that are being studied
C:people whose behaviors or reactions are being studied
D:the psychological consequences of sleep deficit
A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit
B:special branches of knowledge that are being studied
C:people whose behaviors or reactions are being studied
D:the psychological consequences of sleep deficit
答案：C
解析：
细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。