IBM(000-151)
单选题A healthcare and life sciences client wants to maintain electronic patient records， including medical images， for two years after each patient’s death. How would the IT storage industry describe this business goal？（）A Archive solution that requires eve
题目
单选题
A healthcare and life sciences client wants to maintain electronic patient records， including medical images， for two years after each patient’s death. How would the IT storage industry describe this business goal？（）
A
Archive solution that requires event-based retention
B
Backup solution that provides version-based expiration
C
Business continuity solution that provides two years Recovery Time Objective （RTO）
D
Business continuity solution that provides two years Recovery Point Objective （RPO）
参考答案和解析
正确答案：
D
解析：
暂无解析
如果没有搜索结果，请直接 联系老师 获取答案。
相似问题和答案
第1题：
Text 4 The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide canrry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery, "he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.
The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, " to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."
第56题：From the first three paragraphs, we learn that
A doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients'pain.
B it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.
C the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.
D patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.
正确答案：B
第2题：
共用题干
1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.
1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.
Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work_________.
A:true college
B:nursing shortage
C:head nurse
D:doctor
E:what shifts and when
F: employee
A:true college
B:nursing shortage
C:head nurse
D:doctor
E:what shifts and when
F: employee
答案：E
解析：
第一段第一句“Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.”是该段的中心句。
第二段第一句“At BeTh Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse..." 是该段主旨句。该段主要讲，在贝丝医院，每位病患都被指定了一名专属护士。
第三段讲的是专属护士的职责范围。
第四段介绍贝丝医院护理体制的特点。
答案在第一段第二句：" If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example."
答案在第三段最后一句：" What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague."
答案在第四段第二句："There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses"。
答案在第四段最后一句：" Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when."
第二段第一句“At BeTh Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse..." 是该段主旨句。该段主要讲，在贝丝医院，每位病患都被指定了一名专属护士。
第三段讲的是专属护士的职责范围。
第四段介绍贝丝医院护理体制的特点。
答案在第一段第二句：" If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example."
答案在第三段最后一句：" What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague."
答案在第四段第二句："There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses"。
答案在第四段最后一句：" Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when."
第3题：
In developing a hospital database, it is determined that on the average, each patient will have 6 treatments during a hospital stay.The average length of a stay is three days.The hospital has 1000 beds.There are on the average 800 patients occupying beds each day.The relationship between PATIENT and TREATMENT is 1: M.The relationship between PATIENT and BED is 1:1, conditional.If treatment record occurrences are archived as soon as a patient is discarded from the hospital, how many occurrences of the TREATMENT records will be stored in the TREATMENT database file on the average?
A．6,000
B．4,800
C．18,000
D．1,600
正确答案：D
第4题：
共用题干
第三篇
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.David
Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."
Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."
第三篇
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink（边缘）of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes sticking out of the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium（钛）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive" Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body.The most famous of those mechanical hearts,the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr.David
Faxon,president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,perma- nent artificial heart is not yet a reality."This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated."
Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year,and most of the rest died.Some doctors,including Robert Higgins,chairman of cardiology at the Medical Col-lege of Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years."he said,"It's going to be hard to replace that with a machine."
According to the report,the patient who received the first self-contained heart______.
A:was said to be in a good condition the next day after the operation
B:could not afford a donor heart
C:died two months after the heart implantation
D:was reluctant to release his or her personal information
A:was said to be in a good condition the next day after the operation
B:could not afford a donor heart
C:died two months after the heart implantation
D:was reluctant to release his or her personal information
答案：A
解析：
本文从全球首例接受独立人工心脏的患者手术事例开始，来引出文章的主题，并对独立人工心脏的构成及价值进行了描述。文章还将独立人工心脏同捐献的心脏器官进行比较，给读者呈现全面客观的信息。
由文章第一段的内容可知，世界首个独立人工心脏是一种自带电池的装置，无需用电缆和导管从胸腔外获取电力，故B项正确。人工心脏是由钛和塑料制成，而非钛和泵，故C项错误。A、D项均不符合题意。
由文章第二段第二句话可知，医院称病人在术后第二天意识清醒，并在安心静养。故选A。
本段第二句话中的“those mechanical hearts”代指前一句话中的“mechanical hearts used in the 1980s"，故选B。
由文章第五段最后一句话可知，Dr.David Faxon称这是一种还处在实验阶段的设备，其长期的表现还有待论证，故选B。
由文章第六段第一句话可知，在去年，4 200位等待接受捐赠心脏的美国人中，只有约一半的人得到了心脏捐赠，这和C项意思相符，故选C。
由文章第一段的内容可知，世界首个独立人工心脏是一种自带电池的装置，无需用电缆和导管从胸腔外获取电力，故B项正确。人工心脏是由钛和塑料制成，而非钛和泵，故C项错误。A、D项均不符合题意。
由文章第二段第二句话可知，医院称病人在术后第二天意识清醒，并在安心静养。故选A。
本段第二句话中的“those mechanical hearts”代指前一句话中的“mechanical hearts used in the 1980s"，故选B。
由文章第五段最后一句话可知，Dr.David Faxon称这是一种还处在实验阶段的设备，其长期的表现还有待论证，故选B。
由文章第六段第一句话可知，在去年，4 200位等待接受捐赠心脏的美国人中，只有约一半的人得到了心脏捐赠，这和C项意思相符，故选C。
第5题：
The American healthcare system has a unique problem with paperwork.The sheer number of participants-physicians,hospitals,clinics,insurance companies,patients--makes settling payments complicated,time-consuming and really expensive.The share of U.S.healthcare spending devoted to administrative costs is roughly three times what it is in other affluent countries.And it's a major reason the U.S.spends twice as much on healthcare.Some health clinics employ more clerks than care providers--not just to generate invoices but to send along the patient information insurers need to approve treatments,to dispute insurer decisions denying payment,to fix mistakes,to handle patients'questions,and on and on.For every I billion in revenue,the healthcare system employs the equivalent of 770 full-time people to settle the bills.That's almost eight times more than other industries.And doctors have to spend inordinate time dealing with red tape.Of course,if the U.S.were to magically switch to a single-payer healthcare system,these expenses would fall dramatically.The government would simply determine prices and write checks without dispute,as Medicare does for its direct beneficiaries.But such a change is neither realistic nor desirable in a country where half the population has employer-sponsored insurance.That said,it's still possible to trim administrative costs within the existing system.The best way to do so is for providers and insurers to standardize their billing practices and modernize their computer systems he federal government has long pushed for such efficiency.A 1996 law set some preliminary standards for the electronic processing of claims,payments and other transactions.But they weren't nearly enough,and insurers could still complicate invoices by requesting additional patient data.The HITECH Act of 2009 and the Affordable Care Act of 2010 gave providers further incentives to adopt electronic records and make them more uniform.Yet to a large extent,insurance companies continue to maintain distinct billing codes and torms,and providers still use separate computer systems for medical records and billing-making it im possible to automate claims processing.In this,healthcare stands apart from almost every other industry.Think of the way banks,for example,have standardized their operations to enable all customers to use the same ATMs and credit-card readers.The federal government needs to keep pushing for standardized electronic health systems,and also to change how healthcare prices are set.Bundled care and other alternatives to the fee-for-service model could greatly streamline billing.Patients have increasing cause to demand such change.With premiums,co-pays and deductibles rising,U.S.consumers now pay more for their health care than their employers do.Administrative inefficiency adds another layer of needless expense.Billing shouldn't have to be so complicated,or costly
答案：
解析：
美国医疗支出中用于行政费用的比例大约是其他富裕国家的三倍。这是一个简单句,主语为The share of u.S.healthcare spending devoted to administrative costs,系动词为is,表语为roughly three time ghat it Is other affluent countries o文常来国费不器表示倍数的句型归纳:①倍数as+形容词或副词原级+as如:This bridge is three times as long as that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。②倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than,如:This bridge is three times longer than that one,这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。③倍数+the size/length/weight…++比较对象x如:This bridge is three times the length of that one这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。如:The college is twice what it was 5 years ago所大学是它五年前的两倍大。
第6题：
共用题干
1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.
1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.
Paragraph 4________
A:Every patient is assigned to a primary nurse.
B:Every patient is assigned to a doctor.
C:The features of nursing in Beth Israel.
D:The best patient care possible in Beth Israel hospital.
E:The cheapest patient care in Beth Israel hospital.
F:The duties of primary nurse.
A:Every patient is assigned to a primary nurse.
B:Every patient is assigned to a doctor.
C:The features of nursing in Beth Israel.
D:The best patient care possible in Beth Israel hospital.
E:The cheapest patient care in Beth Israel hospital.
F:The duties of primary nurse.
答案：C
解析：
第一段第一句“Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.”是该段的中心句。
第二段第一句“At BeTh Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse..." 是该段主旨句。该段主要讲，在贝丝医院，每位病患都被指定了一名专属护士。
第三段讲的是专属护士的职责范围。
第四段介绍贝丝医院护理体制的特点。
答案在第一段第二句：" If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example."
答案在第三段最后一句：" What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague."
答案在第四段第二句："There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses"。
答案在第四段最后一句：" Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when."
第二段第一句“At BeTh Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse..." 是该段主旨句。该段主要讲，在贝丝医院，每位病患都被指定了一名专属护士。
第三段讲的是专属护士的职责范围。
第四段介绍贝丝医院护理体制的特点。
答案在第一段第二句：" If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example."
答案在第三段最后一句：" What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague."
答案在第四段第二句："There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses"。
答案在第四段最后一句：" Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when."
第7题：
共用题干
1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.
1.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
2.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
3.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization,keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment,it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration; every floor,every unit is a self-contained organization.There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing,employee advising, and they make salary recommendations.Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
5.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee,which in most hospitals includes only doctors.
There are nurse managers instead of_________.
A:true college
B:nursing shortage
C:head nurse
D:doctor
E:what shifts and when
F: employee
A:true college
B:nursing shortage
C:head nurse
D:doctor
E:what shifts and when
F: employee
答案：C
解析：
第一段第一句“Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.”是该段的中心句。
第二段第一句“At BeTh Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse..." 是该段主旨句。该段主要讲，在贝丝医院，每位病患都被指定了一名专属护士。
第三段讲的是专属护士的职责范围。
第四段介绍贝丝医院护理体制的特点。
答案在第一段第二句：" If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example."
答案在第三段最后一句：" What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague."
答案在第四段第二句："There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses"。
答案在第四段最后一句：" Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when."
第二段第一句“At BeTh Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse..." 是该段主旨句。该段主要讲，在贝丝医院，每位病患都被指定了一名专属护士。
第三段讲的是专属护士的职责范围。
第四段介绍贝丝医院护理体制的特点。
答案在第一段第二句：" If we are to solve the nursing shortage（不足）,hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example."
答案在第三段最后一句：" What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague."
答案在第四段第二句："There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses"。
答案在第四段最后一句：" Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when."
第8题：
A healthcare and life sciences client wants to maintain electronic patient records, including medical images, for a period of seven years. How would the IT storage industry describe this business goal?（）
A. an archive solution that requires event-based retention
B. a backup solution that provides version-based expiration
C. a PACS environment that provides two year litigation hold
D. a business continuity solution that provides two years Recovery Time Objective (RTO)
参考答案：A
第9题：
共用题干
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin.
First Self-contained Heart Implanted
A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart一a battery-
powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires,tubes or hoses sticking out of
the chest.
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a
seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive"
Tuesday and resting comfortably.It refused to release personal details.
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation,and doctors said they
expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month.But the device is considered a major
step toward improving the patient's quality of life.
The new pump,called AbioCor,is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the
1980s,which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of
those,the Jarvic-7,used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing
machine.
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,"said Dr. David Faxon,
president of the American Heart Association.However,he said the dream of an implantable,permanent
artificial heart is not yet a reality:"This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to
be demonstrated."Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them
last year,and most of the rest died.
Some doctors ,including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology（心脏病学）at the Medical College of
Virginia in Richmond,said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts.
"A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,"he said."It's going to be hard to replace
that with a machine."
The AbioCor has a 2-pound pumping unit,and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based
on the body's needs.It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current
through the skin.
The patient's life was expected to last several years longer by implanting the artificial heart.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案：B
解析：
由文章第二段第一句“Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday."，可知，被植入的人工 心脏是由钦和塑料合成的，故应选A。
由文章第三段第一句中“doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend theperson' s life by only a month”可知，医生只指望人工心脏能延长病人大约一个月的生命，而不 是几年，故应选B。
第一段、第四段和第八段对独立心脏和机械心脏的构造作了介绍，从中可以看到两者 所用的动力、是否要电线、软管与体外连接以及体积大小都不相同，故此题应选B。
在第五段， Faxon说“这可能是人工心脏发展中的一次重大飞跃”，还说“很显然，这只是 一个实验装置，其能否长期成功使用还有待证实”，并且在等待移植手术的4,200人中，仅有鱿 一半的人得到了移植。故应选B。
第五段中，Faxon认为“可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实”，它仍处于实验阶 段，故应选B。
第五段提到“去年等待别人捐献心脏的4,200个美国人中只有大约一半人接受到推 献”，也就是大约2,100人，故应选A。
第六段提到“有些医生说人工心脏不太可能代替捐献的心脏”，第七段提到“移植得好， 一个捐献的心脏可存活15～30年，而这一点机器是很难代替的”，可见他们对人工心脏是持怀 疑态度的，故应选A。
由文章第三段第一句中“doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend theperson' s life by only a month”可知，医生只指望人工心脏能延长病人大约一个月的生命，而不 是几年，故应选B。
第一段、第四段和第八段对独立心脏和机械心脏的构造作了介绍，从中可以看到两者 所用的动力、是否要电线、软管与体外连接以及体积大小都不相同，故此题应选B。
在第五段， Faxon说“这可能是人工心脏发展中的一次重大飞跃”，还说“很显然，这只是 一个实验装置，其能否长期成功使用还有待证实”，并且在等待移植手术的4,200人中，仅有鱿 一半的人得到了移植。故应选B。
第五段中，Faxon认为“可植入的永久性人工心脏这一梦想还不现实”，它仍处于实验阶 段，故应选B。
第五段提到“去年等待别人捐献心脏的4,200个美国人中只有大约一半人接受到推 献”，也就是大约2,100人，故应选A。
第六段提到“有些医生说人工心脏不太可能代替捐献的心脏”，第七段提到“移植得好， 一个捐献的心脏可存活15～30年，而这一点机器是很难代替的”，可见他们对人工心脏是持怀 疑态度的，故应选A。
第10题：
共用题干
Double Effect
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."
Double Effect
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of"double effect",a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients'pain,even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who"until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
George Annas,chair of the health law department at Boston Univeisity,maintains that,as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimale medical purpose,the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death."It's like surgery,"he says."We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients,although they risked their death.if you're a physician,you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."
On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician一assisted suicide,the National Academy of Science(NAS)released a two-volume report,Approaching Death:Improving Care at the End of Life.It identifies the under-treatment of pain and the aggressive use of"ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices,to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies,to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care,and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.
Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care."Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,"to the extent that it constitutes"systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards"must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."
According to the NAS's report,one of the problems in end-of-life care is______.
A:prolonged medical procedures
B:inadequate treatment of pain
C:systematic drug abuse
D:insufficient hospital care
A:prolonged medical procedures
B:inadequate treatment of pain
C:systematic drug abuse
D:insufficient hospital care
答案：B
解析：
文章第一段说：最高法院对于医生协助病人自杀的裁决对如何使用药物来减轻晚期病人的痛苦有着重大的意义。第二段说：尽管宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权力，法院实际上支持率医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段说：医生们正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期( terminally ill）病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终致使病人死亡。由此从第二段可推断出，B项“医生们帮助病人自杀仍是非法的”为正确答案。其他三项均与文意不符。
文章第二段说：法院实际上支持医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说：医疗界正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终导致病人死亡。由此可知，法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。其他三项均与文意不符。
第七段中提到“NAS的报告指出了对临终病人的护理存在着两个问题：一是治疗病痛不力（under-treatment of pain)，二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用（the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"。据此可知，B项内容正确。
aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的，好斗的；攻击性的，侵略的；有闯劲的，大胆的”，根据上下文，aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”，所以选A0
在文章最后一段中，Annas指出：许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心，甚至到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度，并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果，那就应该吊销他们的行医执照。D项“延长病人不必要的痛苦”为正确答案，因为Annas认为吊销医生执照的前提是导致病人痛苦地死亡。
文章第二段说：法院实际上支持医疗界的“双效”原则。第三段又说：医疗界正是借用这个原则，为大剂量地给晚期病人注射吗啡提供正当的理由，尽管增加剂量将最终导致病人死亡。由此可知，法庭实际上同意给病人开大剂量的止痛药。这与C项意思相符。其他三项均与文意不符。
第七段中提到“NAS的报告指出了对临终病人的护理存在着两个问题：一是治疗病痛不力（under-treatment of pain)，二是对无效且有强制性的医疗程序的大胆使用（the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures)"。据此可知，B项内容正确。
aggressive的意思有“咄咄逼人的，好斗的；攻击性的，侵略的；有闯劲的，大胆的”，根据上下文，aggressive在这里应为“大胆的”，所以选A0
在文章最后一段中，Annas指出：许多医生对病人所受的不必要的痛苦漠不关心，甚至到了“系统地虐待病人”的程度，并指出病人痛苦地死亡如果被认为是医生护理不力的后果，那就应该吊销他们的行医执照。D项“延长病人不必要的痛苦”为正确答案，因为Annas认为吊销医生执照的前提是导致病人痛苦地死亡。