全国英语等级考试（四级）
问答题Passage 2 (1) A one-month survey results indicate that smoking, alcohol and marijuana use increase among residents of Manhattan during the five to eight weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001
题目
问答题
Passage 2 (1) A one-month survey results indicate that smoking, alcohol and marijuana use increase among residents of Manhattan during the five to eight weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001. Almost one-third of the nearly 1000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11 attacks. About one-fourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about one tenth reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana. (2) The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 4.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day. The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression (3) people who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those people who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. (4) Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from one’s home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances. Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. (5) Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed tip play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11 led to an increase in substance use.
参考答案和解析
正确答案：
1. 一项为时一个月的调查表明,在2001年9月11日世贸中心的恐怖袭击发生后的5~8周中,曼哈顿居民中吸烟、酗酒或大麻的吸食量都增加了。
(在句子结构上,本句含有一个宾语从句(that smoking…2001),其中又含有一个定语从句(which took place…2001)修饰the terrorist attacks(恐怖袭击)。介词结构among residents of Manhattan和during the five...分别作宾语从句的地点和时间状语,而after后的介词结构则是作the five to eight weeks的后置定语。on the World Trade Center则是修饰the terrorist attacks。翻译时,要进行适当的语序调整,使之符合中文表达习惯。)
2. 调查者通过随机拨打纽约市内电话找到参与调查的人,并筛选出住在世贸中心附近地区的曼哈顿居民作为潜在的问卷受查人。
(在句子结构上,本句不含从句,只包括两个并列句。需注意的是,by randomly…phone numbers是前一个谓语(found)的方式状语,而living in areas…则是第二个并列谓语(screened)部分中residents的分词后置定语。在词汇方面,考生应注意screen…for…意为“筛选”。)
3. 那些说自己吸烟量或大麻使用量增加的人有可能患上创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和忧郁症,而那些说自己喝酒量增加的人则更有可能只患上忧郁症。
(在结构方面,本句是一个复句,前后两个分句之间为转折关系。两个分句中各含一个定语从句修饰people,分别说明两种接受调查的人。对于这种定语从句,翻译时可简单处理为中文中的定语。在词汇方面,应注意PTSD 意为“创伤后应激障碍(症)”,属专业术语,如果翻译时不够确定,可直接保留而不翻译。)
4. 那些住得离世贸中心较近的人的吸烟量更有可能增加,但一些其他因素,如被迫流离失所、在袭击中遭受财产损失或者参与救援工作则并非总会导致违禁品使用量增加。
(在结构方面,本句由两个转折关系的分句构成。前一分句含有一个定语从句(who were living closer to the World Trade Center),后一分句中应注意主语后有一个for example引出的插入语。在词汇方面,displace在本句中不意为“处置,替代”,而是“使离开,使流亡”。substance use意为“使用(违禁)物品”。)
5. 人口统计方面的因素,如年龄、婚姻状况和收入对人们在“9·11”事件后是否会增加违禁品使用量这方面似乎起着更为关键的作用。
(在句子结构上,需注意,本句中if引导的不是条件状语从句,而是determining的宾语从句。此外,such as…表列举,补充说明句子主语Demographic factors。在词汇方面,demographic意为“(人口)统计上的”。play a more critical role in意为“在…中起着更为关键的作用”。)
(在句子结构上,本句含有一个宾语从句(that smoking…2001),其中又含有一个定语从句(which took place…2001)修饰the terrorist attacks(恐怖袭击)。介词结构among residents of Manhattan和during the five...分别作宾语从句的地点和时间状语,而after后的介词结构则是作the five to eight weeks的后置定语。on the World Trade Center则是修饰the terrorist attacks。翻译时,要进行适当的语序调整,使之符合中文表达习惯。)
2. 调查者通过随机拨打纽约市内电话找到参与调查的人,并筛选出住在世贸中心附近地区的曼哈顿居民作为潜在的问卷受查人。
(在句子结构上,本句不含从句,只包括两个并列句。需注意的是,by randomly…phone numbers是前一个谓语(found)的方式状语,而living in areas…则是第二个并列谓语(screened)部分中residents的分词后置定语。在词汇方面,考生应注意screen…for…意为“筛选”。)
3. 那些说自己吸烟量或大麻使用量增加的人有可能患上创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和忧郁症,而那些说自己喝酒量增加的人则更有可能只患上忧郁症。
(在结构方面,本句是一个复句,前后两个分句之间为转折关系。两个分句中各含一个定语从句修饰people,分别说明两种接受调查的人。对于这种定语从句,翻译时可简单处理为中文中的定语。在词汇方面,应注意PTSD 意为“创伤后应激障碍(症)”,属专业术语,如果翻译时不够确定,可直接保留而不翻译。)
4. 那些住得离世贸中心较近的人的吸烟量更有可能增加,但一些其他因素,如被迫流离失所、在袭击中遭受财产损失或者参与救援工作则并非总会导致违禁品使用量增加。
(在结构方面,本句由两个转折关系的分句构成。前一分句含有一个定语从句(who were living closer to the World Trade Center),后一分句中应注意主语后有一个for example引出的插入语。在词汇方面,displace在本句中不意为“处置,替代”,而是“使离开,使流亡”。substance use意为“使用(违禁)物品”。)
5. 人口统计方面的因素,如年龄、婚姻状况和收入对人们在“9·11”事件后是否会增加违禁品使用量这方面似乎起着更为关键的作用。
(在句子结构上,需注意,本句中if引导的不是条件状语从句,而是determining的宾语从句。此外,such as…表列举,补充说明句子主语Demographic factors。在词汇方面,demographic意为“(人口)统计上的”。play a more critical role in意为“在…中起着更为关键的作用”。)
解析：
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相似问题和答案
第1题：
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?()
A.After the cell-phone ban is ended, students can use their phones during class
B.The cell-phone ban is equally enforced in all public schools
C.A phone-storage industry has appeared outside the 88 metal-detector campuses
答案：A
第2题：
Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.
a.traffic accidents
b.smoking-related desease
c.murder
d.all of these
b.smoking-related desease
c.murder
d.all of these
答案：B
解析：
第3题：
What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A． Legs become weaker~
B． Modern means of transportation make the world a small place..
C． There is no need to use eyes.
D． The best way to travel is on foot.
正确答案：D
通过最后一段The traveler on foot，on the other hand，lives constantly in the present．For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing：he arrives somewhere with every step he makes…the just reward of all true travelers．再联系前面几段话，可以推断作者写文章的目的——走路是旅行的最佳方式。
通过最后一段The traveler on foot，on the other hand，lives constantly in the present．For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing：he arrives somewhere with every step he makes…the just reward of all true travelers．再联系前面几段话，可以推断作者写文章的目的——走路是旅行的最佳方式。
第4题：
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?__________
A.Skyscrapers provide more usable space than other buildings
B.The skyscrapers first appeared in the late 1960s
C.Where there are skyscrapers, television reception is poor
D.The two World Trade Center towers are skyscrapers
B.The skyscrapers first appeared in the late 1960s
C.Where there are skyscrapers, television reception is poor
D.The two World Trade Center towers are skyscrapers
答案：B
解析：
是非判断题。B项的内容与文章不符，本文虽未直接提到摩天大楼是什么时候出现的，但间接否认摩天大楼是在20世纪90年代末期首先出现的：“…and new steel-and—glass skyscrapers were widelycriticized．”这一个“新”字是说这种钢材玻璃型摩天大楼是在20世纪60年代末期出现了，而不是说摩天大楼是在这一时期出现的。
第5题：
Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that _____.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that _____.
a.NCI has taken effective measures
b.smoking is prevented among high school seniors
c.there are many smokers who have died of cancer
d.none of these
b.smoking is prevented among high school seniors
c.there are many smokers who have died of cancer
d.none of these
答案：D
解析：
第6题：
It took ______ for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion.
A) 100 years
B) 145 years
C) 1975 years
D) Over two million years
正确答案：B
答案：B
[试题分析] 事实推断题。
[详细解答] 在第二段中，作者介绍，世界人口于1830年达到十亿，而到1975年达到40亿。因此，世界人口从十亿增加到40亿花了145年，B应为正确答案。
答案：B
[试题分析] 事实推断题。
[详细解答] 在第二段中，作者介绍，世界人口于1830年达到十亿，而到1975年达到40亿。因此，世界人口从十亿增加到40亿花了145年，B应为正确答案。
第7题：
Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.
a.smoking rates among youth have declined very little
b.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
c.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealth
d.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds
b.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
c.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealth
d.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds
答案：B
解析：
第8题：
The World Trade Center is higher than ( ) I have ever seen during my visit.
A. any buildings
B. any other buildings
C. all the buildings
D. all of buildings
正确答案：B
第9题：
Questions 52—55 refer to the following information,
NOTICE TO ALDER PARK RESIDENTS:
New City Recycling Program
On August 1, a new law will take effect in Alder Park that will require residents to recycle products made of paper, glass, and aluminum. Those recyclables should be placed in green plastic bins provided by the city, which will be delivered during the week of July 15. The city will pick up those recyclables during the first and third weeks of each month on garbage pick-up days.
Please follow the guidelines provided above. Garbage pick-up will continue on a weekly basis, according to the regular schedule.
If you have any questions, please contact the city refuse program at 555-1067, extension
Who will supply green containers?
NOTICE TO ALDER PARK RESIDENTS:
New City Recycling Program
On August 1, a new law will take effect in Alder Park that will require residents to recycle products made of paper, glass, and aluminum. Those recyclables should be placed in green plastic bins provided by the city, which will be delivered during the week of July 15. The city will pick up those recyclables during the first and third weeks of each month on garbage pick-up days.
Please follow the guidelines provided above. Garbage pick-up will continue on a weekly basis, according to the regular schedule.
If you have any questions, please contact the city refuse program at 555-1067, extension
Who will supply green containers?
A. City employees.
B. Bottling company staff.
C. Recycling center volunteers.
D. Alder Park residents.
B. Bottling company staff.
C. Recycling center volunteers.
D. Alder Park residents.
答案：A
解析：
第10题：
共用题干
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?
In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center,structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable:Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts（爆炸）inflicted by terrorists?
Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the,twin towers,stmctural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering.Research(MCEER)headquartered（总部在某地）atUB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded场the National Science Foundation.Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance（事先考查）visit,they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing.
"Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center,those buildings that are still standing,but that sustained damage," said M.Bruneau,Ph. D."Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing,while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,"he added.
Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (惊人的）detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity.One building a block away from the towers remains standing,but was badly damaged."This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,"explained A.Whittaker,Ph. D.
"The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor."
The visit to the area also revealed some surprises,according to the engineers.For example,the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged,allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact." Highly redundant ductile（有延展性的）framing systems may provide a simple,but robust strategy for blast resistance,"he added.Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails."We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,"said A.Whittaker."We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it." A.Reinhorn,Ph. D.noted that"Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past.It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components.Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design.Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present."
Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?
In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center,structural engineers are trying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable:Can buildings be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts（爆炸）inflicted by terrorists?
Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the,twin towers,stmctural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering.Research(MCEER)headquartered（总部在某地）atUB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded场the National Science Foundation.Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance（事先考查）visit,they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged but still are standing.
"Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center,those buildings that are still standing,but that sustained damage," said M.Bruneau,Ph. D."Our immediate hope is that we can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing,while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks,"he added.
Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling (惊人的）detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity.One building a block away from the towers remains standing,but was badly damaged."This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building,"explained A.Whittaker,Ph. D.
"The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor."
The visit to the area also revealed some surprises,according to the engineers.For example,the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged,allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact." Highly redundant ductile（有延展性的）framing systems may provide a simple,but robust strategy for blast resistance,"he added.Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load-bearing column fails."We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse,"said A.Whittaker."We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it." A.Reinhorn,Ph. D.noted that"Earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings in the past.It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components.Solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design.Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present."
What Dr.Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that______.
A:blast engineers should develop new solutions for terrorist-resistant design
B:blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for earthquake-resistant design
C:solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to terrorist-resistant design
D:blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science
A:blast engineers should develop new solutions for terrorist-resistant design
B:blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for earthquake-resistant design
C:solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to terrorist-resistant design
D:blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science
答案：D
解析：
世贸中心受到恐怖袭击之后，结构工程师努力解决是否能通过设计使建筑具有抵御恐怖袭击的性能这个一个月前人们从未想过的问题。这是第一段的主要内容。由此可见，在恐怖袭击发生前，没有人想过这样的问题。
第三段第一句表明，M.Bruneau一行访查世界贸易中心的遗址，是为了查看世界贸易中心周围的那些虽遭受损坏但依然挺立的建筑；第三段第二句表明，M.Bruneau一行希望能更好地了解那些建筑仍然挺立的原因。由此可知，美国国家科学基金会资助这个项目，目的是找出一些建筑能够经受住爆炸的原因。
第四段第三句“This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet wesee a column there that used to be part of that building…”中的“that building"，指的是上一句中的"One building a block away from the towers”。
选项A不是答案，因为第五段第二句说“…allowing floors that were pierced by …”第五段第三句表明，C项不是文章表达的内容。D项在第五段第二句中被提到，但不是a surprisingdiscovery。根据第五段前三句可知，B项是正确答案。rugged意思是“结实的”。
选项A的内容是正确的，根据是最后一段最后一句“…develop new ones…"。选项B和C的内容也是正确的，根据是本段最后两句（关键词是applicable ) 只有D项表述错误，因为Reinhorn没有提到blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science 。
第三段第一句表明，M.Bruneau一行访查世界贸易中心的遗址，是为了查看世界贸易中心周围的那些虽遭受损坏但依然挺立的建筑；第三段第二句表明，M.Bruneau一行希望能更好地了解那些建筑仍然挺立的原因。由此可知，美国国家科学基金会资助这个项目，目的是找出一些建筑能够经受住爆炸的原因。
第四段第三句“This building is many meters away from the World Trade Center and yet wesee a column there that used to be part of that building…”中的“that building"，指的是上一句中的"One building a block away from the towers”。
选项A不是答案，因为第五段第二句说“…allowing floors that were pierced by …”第五段第三句表明，C项不是文章表达的内容。D项在第五段第二句中被提到，但不是a surprisingdiscovery。根据第五段前三句可知，B项是正确答案。rugged意思是“结实的”。
选项A的内容是正确的，根据是最后一段最后一句“…develop new ones…"。选项B和C的内容也是正确的，根据是本段最后两句（关键词是applicable ) 只有D项表述错误，因为Reinhorn没有提到blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science 。