职称英语(卫生)
共用题干 第一篇IQ-GeneIn the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences,one little fact gets overlooked:no one has identified any genes(other than those that cause retardation)that
题目
共用题干
第一篇
IQ-Gene
In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences,one little fact gets overlooked:no one has identified any genes(other than those that cause retardation)that affect intelligence.So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some.They figured that if you want to find a"smart gene",you should look in smart kids.They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early一and still score at Princeton-caliber levels.The scientists found what they sought."We have,"says Plomin, "the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence."
Plomin's colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each,all 6 to 15 years old and living in six countries around Cleveland.In one group,the average IQ is 103.All the children are white.Isolating the blood cells,the researchers then examined each child's chromosome 6.Of the 37 land marks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for,one jumped out:a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group—32 percent versus 16 percent.The study,in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence.
Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study.One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for"chopsticks fallacy".Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility,but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians than,say,Africans. Similarly, Plomin's IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement."What is the gene that they've found reflects ethnicity?"asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University."That alone might explain the link to intelligence,since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child's environment."And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on chromosome,as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids,that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence.Warns Feinberg:"I would take these findings with a whole box of salt."
第一篇
IQ-Gene
In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences,one little fact gets overlooked:no one has identified any genes(other than those that cause retardation)that affect intelligence.So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some.They figured that if you want to find a"smart gene",you should look in smart kids.They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early一and still score at Princeton-caliber levels.The scientists found what they sought."We have,"says Plomin, "the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence."
Plomin's colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each,all 6 to 15 years old and living in six countries around Cleveland.In one group,the average IQ is 103.All the children are white.Isolating the blood cells,the researchers then examined each child's chromosome 6.Of the 37 land marks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for,one jumped out:a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group—32 percent versus 16 percent.The study,in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence.
Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study.One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for"chopsticks fallacy".Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility,but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians than,say,Africans. Similarly, Plomin's IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement."What is the gene that they've found reflects ethnicity?"asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University."That alone might explain the link to intelligence,since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child's environment."And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on chromosome,as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids,that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence.Warns Feinberg:"I would take these findings with a whole box of salt."
What does"some"in the second sentence of paragraph one stands for?
A:Parents.
B:Children.
C:Experiences.
D:Genes.
A:Parents.
B:Children.
C:Experiences.
D:Genes.
参考答案和解析
答案：D
解析：
文章第一段第一句提到科学家们争论的是“how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences”，即智商中有多少来自孩子从父母身上继承的基因，多少来自个人经历。由此可见选项C是正确的。
从上下文我们可以清楚地了解Plomin的研究要找的是和智力有关的基因，因此只有选项D是正确的。
文章最后一段讲到“a gene more common in Asians than , say , Africans"，即在亚洲人中更普遍的基因，跟使用筷子的能力没关系。因此选择A项。
文章题干问的是Plomin的智力基因研究与筷子基因的发现共同之处在什么地方。文章最后一段讲到实验小组最终对比染色体上的基因找到的是“pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence"，即仅仅是基因和智力之间偶然的而不是必然的联系。因此仅有选项A是正确的。
短语with a whole box of salt是“很怀疑”的意思，因此只有选项D的解释是正确的。
从上下文我们可以清楚地了解Plomin的研究要找的是和智力有关的基因，因此只有选项D是正确的。
文章最后一段讲到“a gene more common in Asians than , say , Africans"，即在亚洲人中更普遍的基因，跟使用筷子的能力没关系。因此选择A项。
文章题干问的是Plomin的智力基因研究与筷子基因的发现共同之处在什么地方。文章最后一段讲到实验小组最终对比染色体上的基因找到的是“pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence"，即仅仅是基因和智力之间偶然的而不是必然的联系。因此仅有选项A是正确的。
短语with a whole box of salt是“很怀疑”的意思，因此只有选项D的解释是正确的。
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相似问题和答案
第1题：
下列题共用题干，回答 152～153 题。
第 152 题
正确答案：B
第2题：
题共用题干
正确的诊断是
查看材料
正确答案：C
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暂无解析，请参考用户分享笔记
第3题：
（142-143题共用题干）
第142题：
正确答案：C