成考

The word“literature”in the last sentence refers to_______.A.stories,poems,plays,etc. B.written works on a particular subject C.any printed material D.the modern literature of America

题目
The word“literature”in the last sentence refers to_______.

A.stories,poems,plays,etc.
B.written works on a particular subject
C.any printed material
D.the modern literature of America
参考答案和解析
答案：B
解析：
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

In the last sentence of the second paragraph, "the higher places on earth" refers to ______.

A. the high mountains

B. the lighter rocks

C. the vast ocean

D. the great continent


正确答案：D

44．答案为D。根据第二段最后一句及第三段第一句，covering its whole surface except for the higher places on earth that had been formed from the lighter rock materials．In 1970，scientists had pieced together evidence that the lighter rock materials had formed one huge continent by a vast ocean可知“较高的地方”不可能指选项B和C；选项A文中未提及。

第2题：

This Certificate will remain in force until May 1,1989.________.

A.This Sentence refers to the validity of the Certificate

B.This Sentence refers to the time of the Certificate

C.This Sentence refers to the date of the Certificate

D.This Sentence refers to the issue of the Certificate


正确答案：A

第3题：

_______ is called by Hemingway the one from which "all modern American literature comes."

A.A.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

B.The Gilded Age

C.Life on the Mississippi

D.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer


参考答案：A

第4题：

A __________of the subject’s structure and its relationship to other subjects should be acquired before the literature is approached.

A. grasp
B. grab
C. grip
D. snatch

答案：A
解析：
考查词义辨析。grasp 理解，领会；抓住；grab 攫取；霸占；grip 紧握；强烈地影响；snatch 夺取。根据句意，这里是指对一门学科结构的理解和掌握，故用grasp。

第5题：

You don't know what you've got till it's gone,Joni Mitchell rold us.So now that the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature will be postponed-it seems worth asking what,exactly,the prize gives us.For decades,the choices of the Swedish Academy have failed to provoke much interest from American publishers and readers.This i.s not just because American readers are resistant to fiction in translation,as publishers often complain.On the contrary,over the last two decades,many foreign writers have made a major impact on American literature.But then,the failure of the Swedish Academy to reflect the actual judgment of literary history is nothing new.If you drew a Venn diagram showing the winners of the Nobel Prize in one circle and the most influential and widely read 20th-century writers in the other,their area of overlap would be surprisingly small.Does this mean that a different group of critics and professors in a bigger,more diverse country woulcl have done a better job at picking the winners?Very possibly.In the mind of the general public,the Nobel basically descends from the sky to bless the winner.But it is nothing more or less than the decision of a particular group of readers,with their own strengths and weaknesses.And the problem with the Nobel Prize in Literature goes deeper.No matter who is in the room where it happens,the Nobel Prize is based on the idea that merit can best be determined by a small group of specialists.This may make sense for the prizes in the sciences,since those fields are less than penetrable to anyone but fellow practitioners.Even in the sciences,however,there is a growing sense that the tradition of awarding the prize to just one or two people distoris the way modern science is actually practiced today:Most important discoveries are the work of teams,not of individual geniuses brooding in isolation.Literature is at least produced by individual authors;but in this case,the Nobel's reliance on seemingly expert judgment runs into a different problem.For literature is not addressed to an audience of experts;it is open to the judgment of every reader.Nor is literature proZressive,with new discoveries replacing old ones:Homer is just as groundbreaking today as he was 2,500 years ago.This makes it impossible to rank literary works according to an objective standard of superiority.Good criticism helps people to find the books that will speak to them,but it doesn't attempt to simply name"the most outstanding work,"in the way the Nobel Prize does.A book earns the status of a classic,not because it is approved by a committee or put on a syllabus,but simply because a lot of people like it for a long time.Literary reputation can only emerge on the free market,not through central planning.
It can be inferred from Para.5 that

A.literary creation requires more talent than science.
B.nowadays literature is seeing a decline and fall.
C.old literary works do not always lack novelty.
D.there are no criteria for ranking literary works.

答案：C
解析：
第五段③句首先指出“文学并不是前进式的，并不是新文学就能取代旧文学”（discoveries将文学作品类比为科学研究中的“发现”），冒号后随即以“荷马作品时至今日仍具开创性（仍难以被取代）”为例加以说明。可见作者认为旧文学不一定就缺乏新意，C.正确。[解题技巧]A.由①句“文学作品多为个人创作”主观臆断出“文学比科学更需要天赋”，原文仅比较科学和文学“是否需要团队合作”，并未比较“所需天赋多少”。B.直接将③句“文学非前进式的．一浪推一浪的”曲解为“文学不在前进、在倒退”。D.将④句观点“没有（衡量文学作品的）客观标准”绝对化为“没有标准”。

第6题：

Many modern critics of American literature have called Mark Twain, born Samuel Clemens, ______.

A. as America's greatest writer

B. was America's greatest writer

C. America's greatest writer

D. to have been America's greatest writer


正确答案：C
Call sb sth称某人为??。选项 C是正确的。

第7题：

This Certificate will remain in force until May 1，2009． ______.

A.This Sentence refers to the validity of the Certificate

B.This Sentence refers to the time of the Certificate

C.This Sentence refers to the date of the Certificate

D.This Sentence refers to the issue of the Certificate


正确答案：A

第8题：

194. Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of life’s essentials. Eating breakfasts at the start of the day, we have all been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip. But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures are available, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33 percent from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America. For those who feel pain of guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect performance,” said Amold Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.” Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults. “The literature,” says one researcher, Dr. Emesto Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.” [共5题]

(1) The latest year for which figures could be obtained is ________.

(A) the year the author wrote the article

(B) any year between 1977 and 1983

(C) 1977

(D) 1983

(2) For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that ________.

(A) several studies have been done in the past few years

(B) the omission of breakfast does no harm to one’s health

(C) adults have especially made studies in this field

(D) eating little in the morning is good for health

(3) “…, nor does giving people breakfast improve performance” (in Para.3 ) means ________.

(A) anyone without breakfast does improve his performance

(B) not giving people breakfast improves performance

(C) having breakfast does not improve performance, either

(D) people having breakfast do improve their performances, too

(4) The word “literature” in the last sentence refers to ________.

(A) stories, poems, plays, etc.

(B) written works on a particular subject

(C) any printed material

(D) the modern literature of America

(5) What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ________.

(A) not eating breakfast might affect the health of children

(B) Dr. Polite is engaged in research work at an institution of higher learning

(C) breakfast does not affect performance

(D) Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London


正确答案：D B C B A

第9题：

You don't know what you've got till it's gone,Joni Mitchell rold us.So now that the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature will be postponed-it seems worth asking what,exactly,the prize gives us.For decades,the choices of the Swedish Academy have failed to provoke much interest from American publishers and readers.This i.s not just because American readers are resistant to fiction in translation,as publishers often complain.On the contrary,over the last two decades,many foreign writers have made a major impact on American literature.But then,the failure of the Swedish Academy to reflect the actual judgment of literary history is nothing new.If you drew a Venn diagram showing the winners of the Nobel Prize in one circle and the most influential and widely read 20th-century writers in the other,their area of overlap would be surprisingly small.Does this mean that a different group of critics and professors in a bigger,more diverse country woulcl have done a better job at picking the winners?Very possibly.In the mind of the general public,the Nobel basically descends from the sky to bless the winner.But it is nothing more or less than the decision of a particular group of readers,with their own strengths and weaknesses.And the problem with the Nobel Prize in Literature goes deeper.No matter who is in the room where it happens,the Nobel Prize is based on the idea that merit can best be determined by a small group of specialists.This may make sense for the prizes in the sciences,since those fields are less than penetrable to anyone but fellow practitioners.Even in the sciences,however,there is a growing sense that the tradition of awarding the prize to just one or two people distoris the way modern science is actually practiced today:Most important discoveries are the work of teams,not of individual geniuses brooding in isolation.Literature is at least produced by individual authors;but in this case,the Nobel's reliance on seemingly expert judgment runs into a different problem.For literature is not addressed to an audience of experts;it is open to the judgment of every reader.Nor is literature proZressive,with new discoveries replacing old ones:Homer is just as groundbreaking today as he was 2,500 years ago.This makes it impossible to rank literary works according to an objective standard of superiority.Good criticism helps people to find the books that will speak to them,but it doesn't attempt to simply name"the most outstanding work,"in the way the Nobel Prize does.A book earns the status of a classic,not because it is approved by a committee or put on a syllabus,but simply because a lot of people like it for a long time.Literary reputation can only emerge on the free market,not through central planning.
We can learn from the last paragraph that

A.enduring love of readers makes a work a classic.
B.readers do need the Nobel Prize in Literature.
C.marketing makes contribution to literary reputation.
D.excellent works naturally attract much good criticism.

答案：A
解析：
第六段②③句总结道“文学作品只有通过自由竞争，争取读者持久的热爱，才能成为经典、获得声誉”。可见A.正确。[解题技巧]B.与①②句“诺贝尔奖既没有帮助读者寻找吸引他们的书籍，也无法造就文学经典”（committee指代包含诺贝尔文学奖在内的各奖项评委会）中隐含的态度“诺贝尔奖对读者没有太多意义”相悖。C.将③句market（free market与central planning分别比喻“作品自由竞争，从读者处赢得声誉”与“官方指定‘伟大’作品，试图为作品带来声誉”）误解为“商业推广”，得出“商业推广可提升文学声誉”。D.由①句细节good criticism、outstanding work杂糅而成，原文并未谈及出色作品是否吸引优质评论。

第10题：

Passage Two
Generationsof Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essentialto one′s life.Eating breakfast at the start of the day,we have been told,and told again,is as necessary asputting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.But for many people,the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure Sodespite all the efforts,they still take no breakfast.
Between 1977 and 1983,the latest year for which figures could beobtained,the number of people who didn′t have breakfast increased by 33%from8.8 million to 11.7 million--according to the Chicago-based Market ResearchCorporation of America.For those who dislike eating breakfast,however,thereis some good news.
Several studies in the last few years have shown that,for adults especially,there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast."Going without breakfast does not affect work,"said Arnold E.Bender,former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London,"nor does giving people breakfast improve work."Scientific evidence linkingbreakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate(不充分),and most of the recent work involves children,not adults."The literature,"says one researcher,Dr.Earnest Polite at theUniversity of Texas,"is poor."

What does the word"literature"in the last sentence?refer to?

A.Modem American literature.
B.Any printed materials.
C.Written works on a subject.
D.Stories,poems and plays.

答案：C
解析：

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