第1题:
A.benefits
B.affects
C.affects
D.effects
第2题:
Throughout the buying process, various factors may influence a buyer's purchase decision. An awareness of these factors and consumer preferences enables companies to appeal to the group most likely to respond to its products and services. Some of these factors include the following.
CULTURE. The culture and subcultures we belong to shape our values, attitudes, and beliefs, and they influence the way we respond to the world around us. Understanding culture is therefore an increasingly important step in international business and in marketing in diverse countries such as the United States.
SOCIAL CLASS. In addition to being members of a particular culture, we also belong to a certain social class — upper, middle, lower, or somewhere in between. In general, members of various classes enjoy different activities, buy different goods, shop in different places, and react to different media.
REFERENCE GROUP. A reference group consists of people who have a good deal in common — family members, friends, co-workers, fellow students, teenagers, sports enthusiasts, music lovers, computer buffs. We are all members of many such reference groups, and we use the opinions of the appropriate group as a benchmark when we buy certain types of products or services. For example, shopping malls are today losing what has long been their most faithful audience — teens. That's because Generation Xers (those born between 1965 and 1978) think that malls are for parents and that malls have too many rules. So some retailers like Urban Outfitters and Tower Records refuse to open stores in most malls.
SELF-IMAGE. The tendency to believe that "you are what you buy" is especially prevalent among young people. Marketers capitalize on our need to express our identity through our purchases by emphasizing the image value of products and services. That's why professional athletes and musicians are frequently used as product endorsers — so that we incorporate part of their public image into our own self-image. After all, doesn't everyone want to "be like Mike Jordan"?
SITUATIONAL FACTORS. These factors include events or circumstances occurring in our lives that are more circumstantial in nature. For example, you have a coupon, you're in a hurry, it's Valentines' Day, it's your birthday, you're in a bad mood, and so on. Situational factors influence our buying patterns.
1. Who will be most interested in this article?
:A.Wholesalers.
B.Marketing managers.
C.Economists.
D.Retailers.
第3题:
The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts.
Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.
In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator's role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash.
In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator's position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderst anding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.
Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.
(1) What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment?
A、The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation.
B、The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication.
C、The man who is wealthy and impersonal.
D、The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.
(2) According to the passage, international business negotiation involves.
A、short-term goals
B、long-term benefits
C、information and cash
D、persuasion and compromise
(3) In the foreign negotiators’eyes their American counterparts are.
A、impersonal suppliers of information and cash
B、skillful in negotiation
C、good at establishing relationship between negotiators
D、indirect and impatient
(4) Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A、Foreign negotiators are willing to invest time in relationship between negotiators.
B、American negotiator's directness and impatience cause cross-cultural misunderstanding.
C、Americans has played a more effective role in international business negotiations.
D、Foreign negotiators think that American can afford to pay the price without bargaining
(5) What is the topic of this passage?
A、The differences between American negotiators and foreign negotiators
B、Negotiation skills
C、International business and cross-cultural communication
D、Cross-cultural understanding
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第6题:
The introduction of the printing technology to England helped to spread English into many countries and places over the world so that it has become the most important international language in the present day.()
第7题:
A、enhance the students' communicative competence
B、combine pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar
C、Combine words,phrases and sentences
D、use body language and pictures
第8题:
We may conclude from the text that .
[A] human cloning will not succeed unless the technique is more efficient
[B] scientists are optimistic about cloning technique
[C] many people are against the idea of human cloning
[D] cloned animals are more favored by owners even if they are weaker
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