Text 4 Visiting Oxford Street,a rwd fiUing wilh tatty shop,and overcrowded with people,is plainly a trial.Less plainly,levels of nitrogen dioxide（NO2）,a noxious gas,have been found to be around three times higher there Lhan the legal limit.In 2013 the ann

单选题A ship must have a self-contained breathing apparatus to be used as protection from gas leaking from a refrigeration unit. To meet this requirement，you may use（）.A a gas mask certified by the Mine Safety and Health AdministrationB the same self-contained breathing apparatus required with the fireman's outfitC an oxygen breathing apparatus，provided that the device has been inspected within three yearsD a portable ventilation system that will provide a complete change of air every three minutes

Text 4"I like money and nice things,but it's not money that makes me happy.It's people,"says one woman in a World Bank survey.She's not alone:research has found that social integration is more important for well-being than income,and also decreases poverty.Loneliness,conversely,can be deadly:one study found it did more damage to health than smoking.This week,policymakers from 40 countries met in Colombia to ponder ways to measure deprivation that take account of more than just income,including isolation.Several Latin American countries are devising or have already adopted such"multi-dimensional"measures of poverty.Income can be a misleading measure of need because poor people end up living in different degrees of hardship depending on their intangible resources.Having strong social bonds eases financial deprivation.Friends and relatives can lend money,pool risk,mind children and bring news ofjob openings.Researchers from the London School of Economics found that when a group of Bangladeshi women were given business training and free livestock,not only djd they move up the income ladder,but their friends'lot improved too.A year later the friends'consumption had risen by almost 20%,and they claimed to have become sawier about business as well.The downside is that not having the right friends can deepen hardship.The more concentrated the poverty,the less helpful social networks tend to be.In Atlanta,living in a poor neighbourhood decreases the chance of having a friend with a job by almost 60%,and of having a friend who had been to university by over a third.A global survey conducted in 2014 by a polling firm,found that 30%of people in the poorest flfth of their country's population had nobody to rely on in times of need,compared t0 16%of the richest fifih.It is doubly unfortunate,then,that poor people are often socially excluded precisely because they are poor.Chileans and Venezuelans see poverty as a bigger cause of discrimination than gender or ethnicity,according to researchers from Oxford University.Several countries have experienced with schemes that connect lonely old people and deprived youth.Germany,for instance,has built"multi-generational"community centres where older visitors get computer coaching from teenagers.With luck,these connections will help:one American study found that in poor neighbourhoods,three-quarters ofjobholders found work through friends.Perhaps Gennany's centres will furnish income as well as company.40.Which ofthe following would be the best title for the text?A.Poor Neighbourhood Will Lead to Poverty ofNext Generation B.Having Strong Social Bonds Eases Financial Deprivation C.Income Will Block Social Mobility ofPoor People D.Get Rid of Social Discrimination to Low-Income People

单选题Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles（）.A have been steadily increasingB has been steadily increasedC has been steadily increasingD have been steadily increased

单选题Although recent years have seen（）reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing.A substantialB substanceC submitD subjective

Text 4 Visiting Oxford Street,a rwd fiUing wilh tatty shop,and overcrowded with people,is plainly a trial.Less plainly,levels of nitrogen dioxide（NO2）,a noxious gas,have been found to be around three times higher there Lhan the legal limit.In 2013 the annual mean concentration of N02 0n the street was one of the highest levels found anywhere in Europe.British air is far cleaner than it was a few decades ago.Fewer people use coal-burning stoves;old industrial plants have been decommissioned.But since 2009 levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter,coarse or fine particles that are linked to lung cancer and asthma,have fallen more slowly.The exact iiumber of deaths caused by dirty air is unknown.But in 2010 a govemment advisory group estimated that removing man-made fine particulate matter from the atmosphere woulcl in crease life expeclancy for ihose born in 2008 by an average of six months.Much of the slowdown is the result of fumes from diesel cars,which were championed by successive governments because they use less fuel and thus produce less carbon dioxide than petrol cars.In 2001 0nly 14%0f all cars ran on diesel;by 2013 the proportion had increased t0 35%.（Greener"hybrid"and elecLric cars have increased nine fold since 2006,but account for just 0.5%of the entire fleet.）Second-hand cars are particularly noxious,but even newer ones have not been as clean as hoped.Many cars that let out few pollutants in tests procluced more on the roads.Government's hesitation has not helped.Part of the problem is that several departmenLs are responsible for air pollution.This means nobody has taken a lead on it,complains Joan Walley,a Labour MP who chairs an environmental committee that has released a series of damning reports.And few politicians are keen to fire drivers.However,some improvements have been made.In 2008 a"low-enussion zone"was created in London,which targets large vans and coaches.A smaller"uhra low-enussion zone"has been proposed for 2020,which would charge all vehicles that are not of a certain standard 12.50 pounds a day.European Comnussion fines for breaching limits may encourage cities to do more.But oLher countries are more ambitious:60 such zones exist in Germany,targeting private cars as well as vans.In December Anne Hidalgo,the mayor of Paris,announced that she wanted to ban diesel cars by 2020. Oxford Street is mentioned in the opening paragraph to_____A.describe the busy streets in Britain B.discuss the problem of air pollulion C.stress the improvement of air quality D.show the link between car and pollution

Text 4 Visiting Oxford Street,a rwd fiUing wilh tatty shop,and overcrowded with people,is plainly a trial.Less plainly,levels of nitrogen dioxide（NO2）,a noxious gas,have been found to be around three times higher there Lhan the legal limit.In 2013 the annual mean concentration of N02 0n the street was one of the highest levels found anywhere in Europe.British air is far cleaner than it was a few decades ago.Fewer people use coal-burning stoves;old industrial plants have been decommissioned.But since 2009 levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter,coarse or fine particles that are linked to lung cancer and asthma,have fallen more slowly.The exact iiumber of deaths caused by dirty air is unknown.But in 2010 a govemment advisory group estimated that removing man-made fine particulate matter from the atmosphere woulcl in crease life expeclancy for ihose born in 2008 by an average of six months.Much of the slowdown is the result of fumes from diesel cars,which were championed by successive governments because they use less fuel and thus produce less carbon dioxide than petrol cars.In 2001 0nly 14%0f all cars ran on diesel;by 2013 the proportion had increased t0 35%.（Greener"hybrid"and elecLric cars have increased nine fold since 2006,but account for just 0.5%of the entire fleet.）Second-hand cars are particularly noxious,but even newer ones have not been as clean as hoped.Many cars that let out few pollutants in tests procluced more on the roads.Government's hesitation has not helped.Part of the problem is that several departmenLs are responsible for air pollution.This means nobody has taken a lead on it,complains Joan Walley,a Labour MP who chairs an environmental committee that has released a series of damning reports.And few politicians are keen to fire drivers.However,some improvements have been made.In 2008 a"low-enussion zone"was created in London,which targets large vans and coaches.A smaller"uhra low-enussion zone"has been proposed for 2020,which would charge all vehicles that are not of a certain standard 12.50 pounds a day.European Comnussion fines for breaching limits may encourage cities to do more.But oLher countries are more ambitious:60 such zones exist in Germany,targeting private cars as well as vans.In December Anne Hidalgo,the mayor of Paris,announced that she wanted to ban diesel cars by 2020. According to Paragraph 2,life span may be related to______A.air quality B.eating habit C.living standard D.medical condition

问答题Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in the spaces 76 - 80. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.　　Questions 1- 5 are based on the following passage.　　Lack of culture, or rather an excess of the wrong sort of culture, is often considered to be synonymous with disadvantage. Most commonly associated with low cultural standards are low levels of reading, and some thirteen per cent of all twenty-three-year-olds feel they have trouble with reading and writing. One way of compensating such disadvantaged young people is thought to be to provide them with the culture they lack: in particular, high quality reading material.　　Whereas forty to fifty per cent of young people aged sixteen to twenty rarely read a book, the majority appear to read comics. In 1991 sales of Viz, a UK comic exceeded one million copies per issue, making it the fourth best-selling periodical in Britain. The reading of comics, however, is not restricted to young people: by 1992 it was estimated that two out of three men aged eighteen to fifty-three read Viz. The number of imitators of this comic has spawned, including Zit, Gas, BrainDamageand Swiz,indicates the extent of the influence it wields.　　The reading of comics was traditionally regarded by the educational establishment with considerable suspicion. Whereas the received arts were always assumed to exert an improving or civilizing influence, comics were thought to “rot children’s brains”, to lower educational standards and to threaten morality. They were, and are, assumed to be an inferior cultural form; their readers assumed to come from the lower social classes, to be low educational attainers and to be easily led astray.　　Over the past decade, perceptions of comics have shifted. Since the 1970s, the comic format has been commonly used to represent the interests of various disenfranchises groups—community groups, the unemployed, welfare recipients of—who became more conscious of a climate conditioned by other contemporary movements such as civil rights, consumerism, self-help and de-institutionalization. As cultural signifiers, comics have become the subject matter of academic courses in cultural and media studies. Indeed, young people’s cultural activities, grounded in the commercial rather than the subsidized sector, are beginning to merit the attention of the arts establishment.　　Summary:　　Low cultural standards，such as 　1　of reading，a difficulty experienced by many young adults, are often associated with disadvantage. While around half of sixteen to twenty-year-olds rarely read books，most will read comics. Although many comics in Britain are 　2　and have lots of readers，the educational establishment sill considers them to be an 　3　appealing only to the lower levels of society. However, attitudes are beginning to change as the format has been adopted to 　4　of disenfranchised groups. Certain comics have been included in the courses of 　5　studies. Young people’s cultural activities are beginning to attract the attention of the arts establishment.

填空题Electrifying speakers have an energy several levels higher than the people they are attempting to influence.____

单选题Why should you wear a self-contained breathing apparatus before entering the engine room after the fixed CO2 system has been discharged to combat a major fire?（）A Because carbon dioxide dilutes the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere and may cause asphyxiationB Because carbon dioxide breaks down in a fire into carbon monoxide which may cause blood poisoning in the person breathing this gasC Because carbon dioxide is a colorless and odorless gas that becomes highly toxic in the presence of high temperatures and will quickly incapacitate a person exposed to this gasD This action is unnecessary as carbon dioxide is not poisonous nor toxic but is a relatively harmless gas

单选题Why has Anne been absent from class? A She has been ill.B She has been in Mexico.C Some relatives have been visiting her.

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Text 4 Visiting Oxford Street,a rwd fiUing wilh tatty shop,and overcrowded with people,is plainly a trial.Less plainly,levels of nitrogen dioxide（NO2）,a noxious gas,have been found to be around three times higher there Lhan the legal limit.In 2013 the ann

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