Families have also（ ）changes these years.More families consist of one‐parent households or two working parents;consequently,children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure.A.survived B.noticed C.und

B

My grandfather is an eighty-year-old man． He always complains about how fast things have changed，and he often says that life used to be better．

Families aren’t families the way they used to be． A lot of families have broken down． If husband and wife have problems with their marriage，they no longer stay together． And moth-ers used to stay at home and take care of their children，but now not any more． Everyone is working． No one has．time to look after children at home．

And the cars! No one walks anymore; everyone drives， We used to walk five miles to school every day，even in winter． But now we don't． And in school，the children don’t have to think anymore．In math class，for example，we used to add，subtract(减)，multiply(乘) and divide．(除) in our heads， Kids don't use their heads anymore ;instead，they use calculators(计算器)．

Most families have computers now． In the past，we didn’t have computers． We didn't even have lights． My mother used to spend all day cooking in the kitchen． But now nobody eats home-cooked food anymore．

And people don-t talk to each other anymore． They are too busy to talk，too busy to eat，too busy to think．Life used to be simple，but it isn’t anymore．

( )26． What does the writer's grandfather think of the life now?

A． He thinks the life is the same as it used to be．

B． He thinks the life now is worse than it used to be．

C． He thinks the life now is better than it used to be．

D． He thinks the life now is very good．

30． Which is right according to the passage?

A． People have too much time to talk with each other．

B． Life now is very simple．

C． Some families have become single-parent families．

D． Lots of mothers stay at home and look after their children．

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

The number of parents teaching their offspring at home will increase if the current public school system continues to be viewed as an irrelevant institution that can hinder a child's ability to learn.

The rise of home-schooling reflects broadening dissatisfaction with formal education in the US. Discontent is high for two reasons. First, public schools are turning out a poor product--illiterate and unprepared graduates. For example, American 13-year-olds have been documented as having math skills that rank below their counterparts in 14 other developed countries. One survey noted that just one-third of high school juniors could place the Civil War in the correct half-century. Equally troubling, public schools have become scenes where drugs are sold, teachers are robbed, and homemade bombs are found in lockers.

Compounding the situation, teachers' unions, school officials, and many politicians adamantly(坚决地) oppose the use of public monies(钱) for innovative solutions, such as vouchers and charter schools. Those alternatives, although not a panacea(万能) for all the present problems, are at least promising vehicles that could help poor and middle-income parents to find better schools for their children and break up the monopoly of a "one-size-fits-all" philosophy of education.

In light of the educational quagmire(沼泽) the US finds itself in, many parents, impatient for reform, are taking matters into their own hands. One alternative that is gaining growing public acceptance is the educational option known as home-schooling. Home-schooling is defined simply as the "education of school-aged children at home rather than at a school". Home-schoolers believe that students who receive instruction simultaneously from the home and the community at large will be more culturally sophisticated than those whose bulk of learning experience is confined to a school. Home-schooling families believe they are using their liberties well and wisely. The American can-do spirit is evident in the home-schools and households parents manage simultaneously. Those families, however, could use some further deregulation, be it through home-school tax credits or a loosening of compulsory attendance school laws, to make their task easier.

According to the text, the number of children being schooled at home has increased because ______.

A．children don't want to go to school

B．parents are dissatisfied with pubic schools

C．home-schooled children learn better

D．public schools are too crowded

Lewis’ research provides an answer to the question 。

A. why TV is important in family life

B. why parents should keep good order

C. why children in small families seem to be quieter

D. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life

EXTENDED FAMILY In an extended family, all the people share one household. Apart from parents and children, there may be other family members grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. That is to say, a large family may have more than two generations, and often there are more than two adults from different generations of a family. The family members live together for many reasons. They may help to bring up children or to take care of an ill relative. They may also help with saving money. Sometimes children are brought up by their grandparents, for their parents have died or can never take care of them. Many grandparents look after the children,particularly when both parents are busy working. This large family is called extended family. It can be found all over the world. The number of these families has increased by 40 percent in the past ten years. Most of such families live happily together.

1. In an extended family, people live in different houses.()

2. An extend family includes at least three generations.()

3.In an extended family, children are looked after by their grandparents because their parents are traveling around.()

4. Extended families can be found all over the world.()

5. Children can live happily with their parents and grandparents.()

29． What changes have happened to some families?

①There are lights at home．

②People like to eat home-cooked food．

③Lots of families have computers．

④Lots of couples live apart because of unhappy problems．

A．①②④

B．②③④

C．①②③

D．①③④

In the past, American families (16) to be quite large. Parents (17) five or more were common. Over the years, the (18 )of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the (19) of living (20) the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them (21) dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better (22) and have more money to spend on (23). The parents usually take the responsibility 24 all the expense. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers 25 away from home.

16.A. tended

B. wanted

C. seemed

D. extended

17.A. breeding

B. raising

C. feeding

D. bringing

18.A. amount

B. number

C. size

D. scale

19.A. level

B. standard

C. wage

D. cost

20.A. On

B. By

C. At

D. From

21.A. finally

B. financially

C. fashionably

D. faintly

22.A. worn

B. wearing

C. dressing

D. dressed

23.A. luxury

B. activity

C. playing

D. entertainment

24.A. at

B. to

C. on

D. for

25.A. are

B. run

C. work

D. separate

Text 4 Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior. depends on the child’s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.

There is some relationship between age and children’s characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection.

Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls’ adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained? The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents’ fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.

第36题：Temperamental, irritable kids have difficulty adapting to parental divorce because_____.

［A］ they care too much about the life change

［B］ the great stress of their families diminishes their ability

［C］ they tend to lose temper easily and are sensitive to the life change

［D］ they are faced with more parents’ fights than the relaxed, easygoing children

In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family is becoming smaller. One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living.

Generally children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents are usually responsible for all the expenses. And families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The break-up of the family appears when the parents' divorce.

A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Children grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved between their parents. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship.

The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs show that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining(降低). Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.

21. In the past, American families tended to be().

A. quite small

B. medium sized

C. quite large

22. To parents who take the responsibility for children's expenses, the cost of living increases because().

A. children attend school for more years

B. children are better dressed and spend more money on entertainment

C. all of the above

23. Children whose parents divorced always feel unsettled because().

A. they are moved between their parents

B. they are forced to develop brother or sister relationship

C. they have little money to spend

24. According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may().

A. get better

B. remain the same

C. become worse

25. The title of the article might be() .

A. American Children

B. American Families

C. American Parents

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Latchkey children feel free at home.

B. Working parents often leave their children alone at home.

C. Many parents do not admit that they leave their children alone.

D. Latchkey children have to learn to take care of themselves.