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高等考试英语It的用法专项归纳及训练
强抽象就是指，通过____________________________________________________________________
而形成新概念的抽象过程。
劳动的二重性是指具体劳动和抽象劳动。()
实体是指某种抽象事物的集合。()
辅助性代词"者"和"所"与别的词语组成一个语法结构整体，具有代替人或事物的作用，"智者"指聪明的人，"所见"指所看到的东西。它与一般代词没有差别，可以在句中单独充当句子成分。()
类是指具有相同或相似性质对象的抽象，对象是抽象的类，类的具体化就是对象。()
It的用法(专项总结及训练)-、人称代词, it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复： They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.，也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Is this your dog ? No, it isn t.They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder3.,也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景：I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.二、.非人称代词1.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等.指天气：It is a lovely day, isn t it?.指时间:It was nearly midnight when she came back.指日期:It is April First today.(4).指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from Beijing to Guangzhou.指价值:It is three dollars.指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade.三、其他用法.在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事：Who is it there? Its I (me/you/he.).I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.D Her face lighted when she saw who it was.泛泛的指某件事：（有时泛指一般情况） It doesn t matter. It is a shame, isn t it?How is it going?(情况怎样) It says in the newspaper that来，咱们步行吧。）3.it用在一些词组中，it没有特别的意思The last trains gone. Come on, well foot it.(四、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式,或动名词短语:.作形式主语替代主语从句 It is clear ( obvioustrue , possible, certain.) that 从句It is very clear that he的（显然的，真的，可能的s round and tall like a tree.=That he s round and tall like a tree is very clear. It is important ( necessary,right , strange , natural.) that从句常译为should + 动一是重要的（必要的，对的，奇怪的，自然的-）.that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.)that从句 常译为“据说（据报道，据悉. It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded.)that从句.that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should +动词原形)，should可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令.)It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.It is time ( about time , high time ) that从句(虚拟语气：动词用过去时 did)It is time that children went to bed.It is time you bought a new car.It is (high ) time you made up your mind.It is the first ( second . ) time that从句(从句用现在完成时have done )It was the first ( second . ) time that从句(从句用过去完成时 had done )常译为u是第一(二).次.”。It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been hereIt is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/. ) that句.that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should +动词原形)，should 可省去.表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！It happens (seems , looks , appears ) that 从句.常译为碰巧 一 /以乎是 ，看起来It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street.碰巧.It seems that he will be back in a few days.看来.2.作形式主语替代不定式.It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻、辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。常见的词有：bad , brave , careless , clever , cruel , foolish , good (好心的),honest horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice (有教养的),polite , rude silly , stupid , wise , wrong (错误的)等。这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。如：It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.It is necess、ary ( for sb. ) to do sth.不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。常见的形容词有：important, necessary ,natural easy , safe , common, normal, harddifficult ,dangerous ,unusual ,rare , impossible ,pleasant如:It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should )come
Passage Three
My husband and children feel very happy to live here. They can't see that we live on a dirty street in a dirty house among people who aren't good. They can't see that our neighbors have to make happiness out of all this dirt. I decided that my children must get out of this. The money that we've saved isn't nearly enough.
The McGaritys have money but they are so proud. They look down upon the poor The McGarity girl just yesterday stood out there in the street eating from a bag of candy while a ring of hungry children watched her. I saw those children looking at her and crying in their hearts; and when she couldn't eat any more she threw the rest down the sewer (下水道). Why? Is it only because they have money? There is more to happiness than money in the world, isn't there?
Miss Jackson who teaches at the Settlement House isn't rich, but she knows things. She understands people. Her eyes look straight into yours when she talks with you. She can read your mind. I'd like to see the children will be like Miss Jackson when they grow up.
44. This passage suggests that the writer______.
A. is easy to get along with
B. is never pleased with her neighbors
C. is unhappy with the life they are living
D. is good at observing and understanding people
参见第一段。
B:一般环境和具体环境
C:科学环境和普通环境
D:抽象环境和具体环境
对策要具体，不能抽象，“抽象的词语”是指（）
- A、大约
- B、适当
- C、加强
- D、随时
正确答案:A,B,C,D
“雷暴”一词指积雨云中所发生的雷电交作的激烈放电现象，同时也指产生这种现象的天气系统。雷暴一般伴有阵雨，有时则伴有（）等天气现象。
正确答案:大风、冰雹、龙卷
“真理是具体的”是指（）
- A、具体是全面的而不是片面的
- B、具体是过程的或历史的、变化的而不是静止的和一成不变的
- C、具体是现实的即是同现实、实践相结合而不是抽象地存在着的
- D、具体是客观事物及其规律本身
- E、具体没有任何的抽象性、普遍性
正确答案:A,B,C