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2021语言学判断题
Ⅱ. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)
Directions, There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.
6. I know the difference between these two words. So ______ they.
A. know
B. will
C. do
D. does
6．答案为C 我知道这两个词的区别，他们也知道。so表示“也...”，句型为so+助动词+主语，根据前一句的谓语动词，得知应选C。
One is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school.You are to make a choice between the two.Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice.Students'' opinions differ greatly on this issue.Some hold that priority should be given to take a job, but others take the attitude that going to a graduate school is the most critical factor influencing their future career choices.
As to myself, I prefer the latter view.A higher educational background exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me.This phenomenon that the graduates have difficulties in finding job after their graduation can easily be found anywhere in our daily life, especially on campus.On the one hand, with the improved high education of Chinese college students which directly brought the result that there are more and more graduates every year.On the contrary, job vacancies don’t increase that fast.More people, less food, which is the exact deion of the hard condition.On the other hand, more and more people go on to pursue their master and doctor degree; more and more Chinese oversea students come back to China to hunt better working chances.It is sure that the competition is more and more fierce.
Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to improve our own competitiveness.That is the secret of success in the future employment market after our graduation.
One is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture.You are to make a choice between the two.Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
As to myself, I prefer the latter view.An opportunity to start a business exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me.In my view, With the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce for college graduates， some ambitious students have tried their hands at launching their own businesses.Over the years，there have been many successful cases of student entrepreneurship and such attempts should be encouraged and promoted by both the universities and the society at large.What’s more ,College students who start businesses are pioneers，among whom will be born China’s future business leaders.Faced with unknown challenges， they are audacious enough to embark on a perilous journey while most of their peers enjoy stable salaries by working as white-collars at high-end office buildings.
All in all, the essential difference between the students who find a job or those students who create their own businesses is that the former are docile followers whereas the latter are aggressive trailblazers.For this reason， business-launching college graduates are more admirable， and thus they command our deep respect.
The distance between any two meridians measured along a parallel of latitude and expressed in miles is the ______.
A.difference in longitude
B.mid-longitude
C.departure
D.meridian angle
Women's minds work differently from men's.At least,that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke.Now the biologists have moved into this minefield,and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women.But being different,they point out hurriedly,is not the same as being better or worse.
There is,however,a definite structural variation between the male and female brain.The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes一the link between the two halves of the brain.
The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves,the corpus callosum.Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men.This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance.The question is"What?",and,if this difference exists,are there others?Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men.Are some of these differences biological and inborn,a result of evolution?We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences.But could we be wrong?
Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions,and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people,the left half is used for word-handling, analytical and logical activities;the right half works on pictures,patterns and forms.We need both halves working together. And the better the connections,the more harmoniously the two halves work.And,according to research findings,women have the better connections.
But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at"language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics.If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line,there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.
We shan't know for a while,partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain,and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum.But this striking difference must have some effect and,because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect,we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：" But being different , they point out hurriedly,is not the same as being better or worse."
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：" This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance“。
本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：" We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences."
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：" we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing."
本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：" In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at 'language subjects’…”
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。
语言学判断题语言学判断/p/ and /b/ in pit and bit are in contrastive distribution.(T)“site” and “sight”/ “meat” and “meet”/ “sow” and “sew” are in relationship of homography (错)A compound can be written as one word with or without a hyphen between its components or as twoseparate words. It is simply a matter of convention(T)A compound is the combination of only two words(F)A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production ofspeech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.(T)A grammatically well-formed sentence is always semantically well-formed (错)A phone is a phonetic segment while a phoneme is a phonological unit.(T)All the English nasal consonants are voiced.(T)Although the /l/ sound is represented by the same symbol in the two combinations of li:f and fi:l, it is actually pronounced differently.(T)An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true (对)An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the “best authors “for language usage.(T)Chinese is often cited as examples of typical tone language because tone plays an important role in distinguishing meaning.(T)Clearl and dark i form the relation of complementary distribution for they occur in the same position in sound combinations and also distinguish meaning.(F)Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English, but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English (错)English is rich in synonyms for historical reasons but complete synonyms, i.e. synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances, are rare (对)Human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.(F)If a Chinese speaker pronounces the /l/ sound in /fi:l/ not as a darki, but as a clearl, he will be misunderstood by a native speaker as saying something else.(F)In English, if a word begins with a l or a r, the next must be a vowel(T)In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as /i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension.(T)In English, nouns, verbs, adj, adv and conj make up the largest part of the vocabulary. They are open classes.(F)In producing、 a vowel the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no obstruction whatsoever while in the production of a consonant it is obstructed in one way or another.(T)Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored by modern linguists.(F)Language i、s entirely arbitrary(F)Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense (错)Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.(F)Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the spoken (F)Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.(F)
Women's minds work differently from men's.At least,that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke.Now the biologists have moved into this minefield,and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women.But being different,they point out hurriedly,is not the same as being better or worse.
There is,however,a definite structural variation between the male and female brain.The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes一the link between the two halves of the brain.
The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves,the corpus callosum.Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men.This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance.The question is"What?",and,if this difference exists,are there others?Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men.Are some of these differences biological and inborn,a result of evolution?We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences.But could we be wrong?
Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions,and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people,the left half is used for word-handling, analytical and logical activities;the right half works on pictures,patterns and forms.We need both halves working together. And the better the connections,the more harmoniously the two halves work.And,according to research findings,women have the better connections.
But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at"language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics.If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line,there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.
We shan't know for a while,partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain,and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum.But this striking difference must have some effect and,because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect,we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：" But being different , they point out hurriedly,is not the same as being better or worse."
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：" This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance“。
本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：" We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences."
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：" we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing."
本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：" In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at 'language subjects’…”
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。
B. a
C.wh
D.er
B.the possibility of a compromise between two parties on bailing out auto industry
C.the correlation between sescuing auto industry and two parties' stance
D.the great difference between Democrats and Republics on rescuing in the Big Three
B.subtle
C.feeble
D.humble
The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.
A对
B错
错
略