单选题The MARPOL Convention is the main international convention（）A about marine pollution preventionB covering marine protection of lifeC about marineD about ship and port security

The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the ______of merchant ships.

A.pollution

B.economization

C.safety

D.efficiency

The UN number of a dangerous cargo in package can be found in ________ ．

A.International Maritime Dangerous Goods Carried by Sea

B.International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk

C.International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea

D.International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk

The______Convention is the first to establish basic requirements on training, certification and watch-keeping for seafarers on an international level.

A.STCW78

B.STCW95

C.SOLAS74

D.SOLAS88

The Vessel is a __________ bulk carrier which is permitted to carry grain in bulk without requiring any fittings under the Rules of the 1974 International Safety of Life at Sea Convention.

A.self-loading

B.self-trimming

C.self-unloading

D.self-discharging

材料：

The 1978 STCW Convention was the first to establish basic requirements on training, certification and watch-keeping for seafarers on an international level. Previously the standards of training, certification and watch-keeping of officers and ratings were established by individual governments, usually without reference to practices in other countries. As a result standards and procedures varied widely, even though shipping is the most international of all industries.

The Convention prescribes minimum standards relating to training, certification and watch-keeping for seafarers which countries are obliged to meet or exceed.

The Convention did not deal with manning levels: IMO provisions in this area are covered by regulation 13 of Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974, whose requirements are backed up by resolution A.890(21) Principles of safe manning, adopted by the IMO Assembly in 1999, which replaced an earlier resolution A.481(XII) adopted in 1981.

The Articles of the Convention include requirements relating to issues surrounding certification and Port State Control.

One especially important feature of the Convention is that it applies to ships of non-party States when visiting ports of States which are Parties to the Convention. Article X requires Parties to apply the control measures to ships of all flags to the extent necessary to ensure that no more favorable treatment is given to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State which is not a Party than is given to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State that is a Party.

The difficulties which could arise for ships of States which are not Parties to the Convention is one reason why the Convention has received such wide acceptance. By December 2000, the STCW Convention had 135 Parties, representing 97.53 percent of world shipping tonnage.

问题：

Before the establish of the STCW78, the standards of training, certification and watch-keeping of seafarers _____.

A.were established by IMO

B.were established by a famous organization

C.were established by individual governments with reference to practices in other countries

D.varied widely among countries

The regulation 13 of Chapter V of the SOLAS 1974 covered _____.A.the manning of ships

B.the standards of training certification

C.the standards of training

D.the standards of watch-keeping

One especially important feature of the STCW Convention is _____.A.the adoption of the policy “ more favorable treatment”

B.“ no more favorable treatment” to Non-parties of the convention

C.the adoption of the minimum standards

D.the adoption of the obligatory standards

One reason why the Convention has received such wide acceptance is _____.A.that it is only the minimum standards

B.that it is the obligatory standards

C.that it is established by IMO

D.difficulties could arise for ships entitled to fly the flag of a Non-Party State

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

In order to limit the introduction of alien species by ship, ____was adopted on 13 Feb, 2004 at the IMO.

A.Revised MARPOL annex I

B.Revised MARPOL annex II

C.International convention for the control and management of ships' ballast water and sediments

D.ISPS Code

The safe operations of a liquified gas can be found in ________ ．

A.International Maritime Dangerous Goods Carried by Sea

B.International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Gases in Bulk

C.International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea

D.International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea

Which information is not given in the text?

A.Ship recycling contributes to sustainable development

B.The IMO believes that making an international instrument to regulate the ship recycling process is urgently in need

C.An international convention on ship recycling has been adopted

D.The IMO has taken action to develop an effective solution to the problem of ship recycling

______ is issued under the provision of International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships，1973，as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto.

A.INTERNATIONAL OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICATE

B.CARGO SHIP SAFETY CONSTRUCTION CERTIFICATE

C.CARGO SHIP SAFETY EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATE

D.CARGO SHIP SAFETY RADIOTELEPHONY CERTIFICATE

In ______ convention，a vessel which carries more than 12 passengers shall be deemed as a passenger ship．

A.COSCO

B.STCW

C.SOLAS

D.MARPOL