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问答题The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper:　　“The computerized on-board warning system that will be installed in commercial airliners will virtually solve the problem of midair plane collisions. One plane’s warning system can rec

题目
问答题
The following appeared as part of an article in a daily newspaper:　　“The computerized on-board warning system that will be installed in commercial airliners will virtually solve the problem of midair plane collisions. One plane’s warning system can receive signals from another’s transponder—a radio set that signals a plane’s course—in order to determine the likelihood of a collision and recommend evasive action.”　　Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion, be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it, more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.
参考答案和解析
正确答案： 【参考范文】
The argument that this warning system will virtually solve the problem of midair plane collisions omits some important concerns that must be addressed to substantiate the argument. The statement that follows the description of what this warning system will do simply describes the system and how it operates. This alone does not constitute a logical argument in favor of the warning system, and it certainly does not provide support or proof of the main argument.
Most conspicuously, the argument does not address the cause of the problem of midair plane collisions, the use of the system by pilots and flight specialists, or who is involved in the midair plane collisions. First, the argument assumes that the cause of the problem is that the planes’ courses, the likelihood of collisions, and actions to avoid collisions are unknown or inaccurate. In a weak attempt to support its claim, the argument describes a system that makes all of these things accurately known. But if the cause of the problem of midair plane collisions is that pilots are not paying attention to their computer systems or flight operations, the warning system will not solve the collision problem. Second, the argument never addresses the interface between individuals and the system and how this will affect the warning system’s objective of obliterating the problem of collisions. If the pilot or flight specialist does not conform to what the warning system suggests, midair collisions will not be avoided. Finally, if planes other than commercial airliners are involved in the collisions, the problem of these collisions cannot be solved by a warning system that will not be installed on non-commercial airliners. The argument also does not address what would happen in the event that the warning system collapses, fails, or does not work properly.
Because the argument leaves out several key issues, it is not sound or persuasive. If it included the items discussed above instead of solely explaining what the system supposedly does, the argument would have been more thorough and convincing.
解析： 暂无解析
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

An Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) is built upon a commercial(71)that promises the seamless(72)of all the information flowing through the company -- financial, accounting, human resources, supply chain and customer information. In implementation, all ERP systems include several features. The system is installed on a typical database management system. It requires initial setup according to the organization's process, but it may be(73)according to the organization's unique process requirements through a tool set contained within the ERP applications. Using ERP,(74)can be prescribed to automate approval processes through established chains of commanD. One of the methods used to effect rapid implementation of the ERP system is to conduct concurrent(75)sessions during the early stages of ERP implementation.

A．operating system

B．middleware

C．software package

D．management system


正确答案：C

第2题：

A system administrator has just migrated a system from AIX V.4 x to Aix V5.x. The system is up and running and appears to be functioning properly. The following error message was received when running lppchk -vbos.rte V =4 R is >4 bos.rte V>5bos.rte not installed. 5.1.0lslpp -l | grep bos.rte shows 5.1.0 Which of the following options is the most likely solution to this problem?（）

A.bos.rte is corrupted and needs to be reinstalled.

B.The system administration needs to reboot the system.

C.The /root part of bos.rte was installed but not the user part. Reinstall the missing software.

D.The update CD needs to be applied with the smitty update_all command.


参考答案：B

第3题：

Why does the system fall to arrest a wanted person?

A．The system is not effective in recognizing people.

B．The system doesn't look at skin color or one's gender.

C．The system doesn't consider people's specific features.

D．The system is highly inaccurate and can be easily fooled.


正确答案：C
解析：文章第二段讲述了面孔识别系统的运行情况，系统迄今尚未抓到一个犯人，这是因为“It works by analyzing faces based on a series of measurements，such as the distance from the tip of the nose to the chin or the space between the eyes。”这说明这个系统不考虑人的具体特征，所以抓不到通缉犯，所以正确答案为C。

第4题：

Which of the following can be used to determine the amount of physical memory installed in a laptop？ （）

  • A、Check Device Manager Snap-in.
  • B、Type WINVER in the command prompt.
  • C、Check the BIOS.
  • D、Check System Information in the Accessibility folder.
  • E、Check System Information.

正确答案:C,E

第5题：

Passage 1
A concept car developed by Japanese company Nissan has a breathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road.
The car's sensors check odors inside the car and monitor a driver's sweat for traces of alcohol. An in-car computer system can issue an alert or even lock up the ignition system if the driver seems over-the-limit. The air odor sensors are fixed' firmly and deeply in the driver and passenger seats, while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the driver's palm.
Other carmakers have developed similar detection systems. For example, Sweden's Volvo has developed a breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start.
Nissan's new concept vehicle also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks a driver's alertness by monitoring their eyes. It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest.
The car technology is still in development, but general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effectiveness of the technology."For example, if the gear-shift sensor was bypassed by a passenger using it instead of the driver, the facial recognition system would still be used," Doi says. Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system, but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015.
The car's seat belt can also tighten if drowsiness is detected, while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its lane properly. However, Doi admits that some of the technology, such as the alcohol odor sensor, should be improved. "If you drink one beer, it's going to register, so we need to study what's the appropriate level for the system to activate," he says.
In the UK, some research groups are using similar advanced techniques to understand driver behavior and the effectiveness of different road designs.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concept car?

A. It has a sensor system that could issue a warning if the driver is drunk.
B. It has sensors that detect traces of alcohol inside the car.
C. It has sensors locked up in the ignition system.
D. It has a breathalyzer-like detection system.

答案：C
解析：
选项A、B、D所述内容都可在短文的第一、二段中找到。第二段最后一个句子告诉我们，传感器装在司机和乘客的座椅里.而不是在点火系统里，所以选C。

第6题：

Most of the host operating system provides a way for a system administrator to manually configure the IP information needed by a host .Automated configuration methods such as ______, are required to solve the problem.

A．IPsec

B．DHCP

C．PPTP

D．SOAP


正确答案：B

第7题：

Most of the host operating system provides a way for a system administrator to manually configure the IP information needed by a host. Automated configuration methods, such as （）, are required to solve the problem.

A.IPSec
B.DHCP
C.PPTP
D.SOAP

答案：B
解析：
DHCP是一个局域网的网络协议，使用UDP协议工作，主要用途是给内部网络或网络服务供应商自动分配IP地址给用户，给内部网络管理员作为对所有计算机作中央管理的手段。Internet协议安全性（IPSec）是一种开放标准的框架结构，通过使用加密的安全服务以确保在Internet协议（IP）网络上进行保密而安全的通信。PPTP协议是在PPP协议的基础上开发的一种新的增强型安全协议,支持多协议虚拟专用网（VPN），可以通过密码身份验证协议（PAP）、可扩展身份验证协议（EAP）等方法增强安全性。可以使远程用户通过拨入ISP、通过直接连接Internet或其他网络安全地访问企业网。简单对象访问协议（SOAP）是一种轻量的、简单的、基于XML的协议，它被设计成在Web上交换结构化的和固化的信息。SOAP可以和现存的许多因特网协议和格式结合使用，包括超文本传输协议（HTTP），简单邮件传输协议（SMTP），多用途网际邮件扩充协议（MIME）。它还支持从消息系统到远程过程调用（RPC）等大量的应用程序。用于配置IP信息的是DHCP协议，因此选B

第8题：

It is a terrible illustration of man &39; s weakness to nature ,and the tsunami(海 啸) that struck the Japanese coast in March, 2011 has illustrated the difficulty of fighting against natural disasters, even for a prosperous nation.

Totally preventing tsunami-damage is impossible. But there is much that can be done to minimize damage and loss of life. Measures that can be taken include designing solid buildings, and developing early-waming systems, public education programs and evacuation(疏散) strategies. Moreover, the approach of a tsunami is possibly picked up by the sensors of complicated international waming systems. Countries can use radio and television broadcasts as well as loudspeaker networks to warn the public.

But an early waming system depends on how far the tsunami strikes, if it&39; s close by, the warning system is not going to be very effective. When people are faced with an unstoppable force like a tsunami the massive waves created by events like underwater earthquakes, the best course of action for them is to get inland and to the higher ground as quickly as possible.

51. The first paragraph tells us that________

A.man can easily defeat the nature

B.tsunamis take place only in Japan

C.man’ s ability to cope with natural disasters is limited

D.the tsunami-damage in Japan is not so terrible

To prevent tsunami-damage, the following measures can be taken EXCEPT________A.designing firm buildings

B.developing early-warning systems

C.developing evacuation strategies

D.keeping the public unaware of the seriousness of tsunamis

When a tsunami happens, the best course of action for people is to________A.listen to radio and television broadcasts for information

B.get inland and to the higer ground as quickly as possible

C.stay where they are

D.rely on the warning systems

According to the passage , which of the folloiwing can cause a tsunami ?A.Storms

B.Massive waves

C.Underwater earthquakes

D.Floods

Which of the following statements is correct according to che passage?A.The total prevention of tsunamis is possible

B.Rich countries are less affected by tsunamis than poor countries

C.Approaching tsunamis can possibly be picked up by sensors

D.An early warning system is effective when a tsunami is close by

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！


问题 1 答案解析：C


问题 2 答案解析：D


问题 3 答案解析：B


问题 4 答案解析：C


问题 5 答案解析：C

第9题：

In a world where it seems we already have too much to do，and too many things to think about，it seems the last thing we need is something new that we have to learn.But use cases do solve a problem with requirements:with（ ）declarative equirements it's hard to describle steps and sequences of events.Use cases，stated simply，allow description of sequences of events that，taken together，lead to a system doing something useful.As simple as this sounds，this is important.When confronted only with a pile of requiements，it's often（ ）to make sense of what the authors of the requirements really wanted the system to do.In the preceding example，use cases reduce the ambiguity of the requirements by specifying exactly when and under what conditions certain behavior occurs;as such，the sequence of the behaviors can be regarded as a requirement.Use cases are particularly well suited to capture approaches.Although this may sound simple，the fact is that（ ）equirement capture approaches，with their emphasis on declarative requirements and"shall"statements，completely fail to capture the（ ）of the system's behavior.Use cases are a simple yet powerful way to express the behavior of the system in way that all stakeholders can easily understand.But，like anything，use cases come with their own problems，and as useful as they are，they can be（请作答此空）.the result is something that is as bad，if not worse，that the original problem.Therein it's important to utilize use cases effectively without creating a greater problem than the one you started with.

A.misapplied
B.applied
C.used
D.powerful

答案：A
解析：
题意想要表达的意思是任何事情一样，使用的情况下，都有他们自己的问题，他们都有可能被误用，正确答案为A，误用，滥用。附（参考翻译）：在一个似乎已经有做不完的事情的世界里，我们有大量事情要思考，似乎我们不太需要学习新的东西。但是用例解决问题是有条件的：严密的说明性需求使得描述事件的步骤和次序变得举步维艰。简单地讲，用例描述一组事件序列，系统性地执行产生相应有用的结果。听上去简单明了，这是很重要的。当面对一大堆的需求时，通常不太可能理解这些需求的发起者到底想要系统做什么。在前面的案例中，用例通过详细准确描述什么时间、什么情况下确定的行为会发生，以减少需求的不确定。像这样的一些动作序列被看作是一个需求。用例特别适合于捕捉方法。虽然这听起来很简单，但事实上不同的需求会根据他们各自在说明性需求和“应有”的声明的侧重面上捕捉方法，导致完全无法捕捉到系统行为的初衷。用例是一个所有的利益相关者都可以很容易地理解的、简单却十分有效的表达系统的行为的方式。但是，和其他任何事情一样，用例也存在自身的问题，可能会被误用而弄巧成拙。造成的后果也很糟糕，或许只是没有比原本想要解决的问题更麻烦罢了。因此有效使用用例而避免制造更大的麻烦是非常重要的。

第10题：

A just announced two-port Ethernet card has been installed on a system and it is not recognized. On the HMC the slot shows empty. The device driver has been installed and cfgmgr runs normally. What is the most appropriate action to solve this problem?（）

  • A、Update the HMC software
  • B、Update the system firmware
  • C、Re-install the device driver
  • D、Flash update the two-port card

正确答案:B

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