三级笔译
问答题Green Gene Technology For the past 10,000 years humans have influenced the plants they use at first unknowingly, later by design. Today’s crops have been created by a process of selection and classical breeding. More specific improvements in breeding
题目
问答题
Green Gene Technology For the past 10,000 years humans have influenced the plants they use at first unknowingly, later by design. Today’s crops have been created by a process of selection and classical breeding. More specific improvements in breeding will be possible in future. Science has cracked the genetic information code. Green gene technology is an effective tool in crop breeding, enabling us to develop new crops even more rapidly and specifically. We can make them more efficient, optimizing their contents and valuable substances to suit the wishes and requirements of customers and the processing industry. Their metabolism can be individually modified, making them produce starch, protein and fats with special properties. Through gene transfer plants can be made more resistant to viruses, bacteria, harmful fungi and insect pests. Genetically modified plants can be cultivated to possess improved stress behavior, with the result that they absorb water better in dry locations and can make more efficient use of soil nutrients. We can also optimize weed control. To do so, we make crops tolerant to environmentally sound and easily degradable herbicides. This is not as simple as it sounds. But we have been successful: Innovator has been on the Canadian market since 1995. This is the first oilseed rape variety to contain the glufosinate tolerance gene, facilitating the use of AgrEvo’s broad-spectrum herbicide liberty. We are committed to green gene technology, with which we aim to make crop breeding even more efficient and environmentally friendly. Before being brought on to the market these genetically modified plants are researched and tested for years until the questions posed regarding their safety have been answered. This is a great opportunity for us to realize our vision: the use of faster methods to breed varieties which will continue to provide us with sufficient food and raw materials in future. Our fossil reserves will soon be exhausted. Experts estimate that we only have enough oil for another 43 years and natural gas for less than 60. This means we must rethink and act accordingly, using new crop varieties to step up the move to replenishable sources of raw materials and energy. In other words, green gene technology is the key technology for sustainable agriculture.
如果没有搜索结果，请直接 联系老师 获取答案。
如果没有搜索结果，请直接 联系老师 获取答案。
相似问题和答案
第1题：
John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first went to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that.
A had been; have seen
B have been; have seen
C had been; had seen
D have been; had seen
参考答案：D
第2题：
共用题干
第一篇
Human Evolution
Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.
第一篇
Human Evolution
Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among 70-year-old there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,very few women have 15 children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today一everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80%of its power in upper-middle一class India compared to the tribes.
For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the past 100,000 years一even the past 100 years一our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:"they look at an organic being as savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension."No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.
What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?
A:A lack of mates.
B:A fierce competition.
C:A lower survival rate.
D:A defective gene.
A:A lack of mates.
B:A fierce competition.
C:A lower survival rate.
D:A defective gene.
答案：C
解析：
文中第一段提到“做男人从来都充满危险，新生儿男女比例大约是105: 100，但到了成年，这一比例基本持平，而在70岁的老年人中，女性是男性的两倍。但是男性死亡率高这种普遍情况正在改变，现在男婴存活率同女婴的基本一样高”，这说明男人的存活率相对是比较低的。
使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。
使用事例来证明是常见的逻辑思维模式。既然有事例，我们就需要看到它的论点是什么。本文中提到，“还有一种方法确保进化意义上的自杀：存活，但少生孩子”。首先，“现在几乎没有人像过去那样多育。除了在一些宗教社区，基本没有妇女会生巧个孩子”表明了“当今出生的数量同死亡年龄一样变得平均化，我们大多数人的子女数量大致相当”。其次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了。再次，“印度证明了这种情况。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落居民造成了贫困。今天这种每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同的极其显著的平均化意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度社会中上层人群中，已经失去了80％的效力”是为了证明“人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会再次减少了”，换言之，“自然选择在穷人和富人之间几乎不起作用”。答案应该是B选项。
文中提到停止进化是在第三段第一句“对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束”。第三段中指出，“在过去的10万年―甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。“机器”代表的就是 “技术”，因此我们可以判定A是正确答案。
文章中在第一段结尾提到“由于大部分差异是由基因引起的，又一个进化的因素消失了”。第二段中说“再一次，人与人之间的差异和利用差异进行自然选择的机会减少了”。第三段提到“但我们的身体却没变。我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切”。这些都表明作者认为进化机制已不再起作用，认为自然进化机制已不能再左右人口的出生率。在总结全文的第三段时，作者直截了当地指出，进化已经结束。因此可以认为人类的进化是无路可走的。另外三个选项都不全面或者不对题。
文章的最后一句话是说“不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少”。这一句是和本段开始相呼应，都是谈论进化已经结束，生物学上的乌托邦已形成，并且这一过程几乎丝毫没有造成人的身体上的改变，因此是在谈论人的外貌。只有选项B正确。
第3题：
E
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃．Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate．Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world．
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源)：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals．This action affects the environment as a whole．For example，a lot of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests．People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this．Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two．Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply．
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store．More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests．However，fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value．It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests．
72．Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they ．
A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃
D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
正确答案：D
第4题：
共用题干
“Salty” Rice Plant Boosts Harvests
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo,from Sussex University's School of Biological Sciences,have spent several years researching how crops,such as rice,could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme,funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council,to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops,starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares（公顷）of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts（妨碍生长）plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics , mangroves（红树林）that create swamps（沼泽）and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down .In the Mediterranean,a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop,allowing sea water to seep（渗透）in. In Latin America , irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated（蒸发）by the heat , leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally.Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems,Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants' growth.They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop,but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known,Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants.Land that has been abandoned to na- ture will then be able to bloom again,providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
“Salty” Rice Plant Boosts Harvests
British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo,from Sussex University's School of Biological Sciences,have spent several years researching how crops,such as rice,could be made to grow in water that has become salty.
The pair have recently begun a three-year programme,funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council,to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops,starting with rice.
It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares（公顷）of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts（妨碍生长）plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics , mangroves（红树林）that create swamps（沼泽）and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down .In the Mediterranean,a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop,allowing sea water to seep（渗透）in. In Latin America , irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated（蒸发）by the heat , leaving salt deposits behind.
Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally.Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.
To overcome these problems,Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants' growth.They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop,but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.
Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known,Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants.Land that has been abandoned to na- ture will then be able to bloom again,providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
The attitude of the author towards the research project is______.
A: positive
B: negative
C: suspicious
D: indifferent
A: positive
B: negative
C: suspicious
D: indifferent
答案：A
解析：
第二段的第一句话把两位研究人员Tim Flowers和Tony Yeo的关系讲得很清楚，他们来自同一所大学Sussex University的School of Biological Sciences，故是同事。从上下文看他们不可能是学生，更不会是种水稻的；第三段的第一句里用了pair这个词，但pair不一定就是夫妻，从他们的名字看他们不是同一个姓，而且Tim和Tony都是男性的名字。
本题的答案可以在第三段里找到，这段的第一句话说他们开始了一个为期3年的研究项目，目的是“establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty condition”（确认哪些基因使得某些作物能在含盐的条件下生长）。这和选项B是同一个意思。
引起盐分渗入土壤的3个原因都在第四段里谈到了：第一是阻档海水的天然屏障红树林被砍伐（A)；第二是在地中海地区严重的旱灾导致水平面下降，海水渗透（B); 第三是在拉丁美洲，水分被高温蒸发后留下了盐分（D）。
affect这个动词的意思是“影响”，和influence是同义词，在这个上下文里可以替换用。
四个选项的意思分另，1是：肯定的（positive)、否定的（negative)、有怀疑的（suspicious)、冷淡的（indifferent)，从全文看作者时他们的研究无疑是肯定的。
本题的答案可以在第三段里找到，这段的第一句话说他们开始了一个为期3年的研究项目，目的是“establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty condition”（确认哪些基因使得某些作物能在含盐的条件下生长）。这和选项B是同一个意思。
引起盐分渗入土壤的3个原因都在第四段里谈到了：第一是阻档海水的天然屏障红树林被砍伐（A)；第二是在地中海地区严重的旱灾导致水平面下降，海水渗透（B); 第三是在拉丁美洲，水分被高温蒸发后留下了盐分（D）。
affect这个动词的意思是“影响”，和influence是同义词，在这个上下文里可以替换用。
四个选项的意思分另，1是：肯定的（positive)、否定的（negative)、有怀疑的（suspicious)、冷淡的（indifferent)，从全文看作者时他们的研究无疑是肯定的。
第5题：
共用题干
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.
HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案：A
解析：
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索，在短文中查找到相关句：A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗) trials this year．该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”，因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索，这样在短文中查找到相关句：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved．划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”，所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文，上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议，因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒，从这个句意来看，显然料体句中的“The plan”，也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”，既然这种想法引发争论，当然也就不可能被普遍接受了，所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索，在短文中找到相关句： Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed．该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”，显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索，这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses，并因此找到相关句：The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies．这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞，然后再消灭它们”，根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说，如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较（than...other)，则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的，是短文中实际未提及的信息，或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况（other)，这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索，结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名，所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索，这样发 现相关句：Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier．句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容（划线结构），该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”，现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关，所以关注上下文：上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学） have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes（与replacement genes呼应）that do not function normally．提到“在过去两年里，遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”，因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”，因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确：原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”，而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索，这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades．但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家，也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼，所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况，因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索，在短文中查找到相关句：A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗) trials this year．该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”，因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索，这样在短文中查找到相关句：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved．划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”，所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文，上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议，因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒，从这个句意来看，显然料体句中的“The plan”，也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”，既然这种想法引发争论，当然也就不可能被普遍接受了，所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索，在短文中找到相关句： Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed．该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”，显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索，这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses，并因此找到相关句：The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies．这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞，然后再消灭它们”，根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说，如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较（than...other)，则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的，是短文中实际未提及的信息，或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况（other)，这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索，结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名，所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索，这样发 现相关句：Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier．句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容（划线结构），该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”，现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关，所以关注上下文：上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学） have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes（与replacement genes呼应）that do not function normally．提到“在过去两年里，遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”，因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”，因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确：原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”，而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索，这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades．但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家，也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼，所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况，因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
第6题：
共用题干
第一篇
Putting Plants to Work
Using the power of the sun is nothing new.People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with
solar panels（太阳能电池板）for decades. But plants are the real experts. They' ve been using sunlight as an
energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide（二氧化
碳）,and water into sugars
and starche（淀粉）,stored energy that the piants can use. This conversion
process is called photosynthesis (光合作用）Unfortunately, unless you' re a plant, it's difficult and
expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly
how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants,or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small
photosynthesic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in
Golden. Cobo.,is working with green algae（水藻）.She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen
instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficient-
ly ,the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthe-
sis , plants normally make sugars or strchds. "But under certain conditions,a lot of algae are able to use the
sunlight energy not to store starch , but to make hydrogen."Ghirardi says. For example ,algae will produce hy-
drogen in an airfree environment. It' s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of
the time.
Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap
energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate（硫酸盐）
from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars,even when air
is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly,and not much
hydrogen is produced. Still ,the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently
from algae. With more work,they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities
of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to
get and to feed, Ghirardi says,and they can grow almost anywhere:"You can grow them in a reactor, in a
pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms."
第一篇
Putting Plants to Work
Using the power of the sun is nothing new.People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with
solar panels（太阳能电池板）for decades. But plants are the real experts. They' ve been using sunlight as an
energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide（二氧化
碳）,and water into sugars
and starche（淀粉）,stored energy that the piants can use. This conversion
process is called photosynthesis (光合作用）Unfortunately, unless you' re a plant, it's difficult and
expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly
how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants,or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small
photosynthesic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in
Golden. Cobo.,is working with green algae（水藻）.She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen
instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficient-
ly ,the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthe-
sis , plants normally make sugars or strchds. "But under certain conditions,a lot of algae are able to use the
sunlight energy not to store starch , but to make hydrogen."Ghirardi says. For example ,algae will produce hy-
drogen in an airfree environment. It' s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of
the time.
Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap
energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate（硫酸盐）
from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars,even when air
is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly,and not much
hydrogen is produced. Still ,the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently
from algae. With more work,they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities
of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to
get and to feed, Ghirardi says,and they can grow almost anywhere:"You can grow them in a reactor, in a
pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms."
How do plants relate to solar energy?
A: They have been using it for billions of years.
B: They are the real experts in producing it.
C: They have been a source of it.
D: They have been used to produce it.
A: They have been using it for billions of years.
B: They are the real experts in producing it.
C: They have been a source of it.
D: They have been used to produce it.
答案：A
解析：
由第一段第三、四句话“But plants are the real experts.They' ye been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.”可知答案。
文章的第三段说，科学家企图将植物或植物类生物细胞作为微型光合作用能源供应站 来研究，并举例说，他们正在用绿藻进行实验，若成功，绿藻所产生的氢气将可用来为汽车的燃 料电池充电。所以答案是D。
由文章第四段最后两句“…algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment.It' s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.（……绿藻在没有空气 的环境下能产生氢气，是空气中的氧气在阻止绿藻制造氢气。）”可知选B。
A、B都不是正确答案，因为短文的第五段、第六段告诉我们，remove the sulfate和work in an airfree environment都是可能的，但问题是两者都有弊端，使氢气的制造不那么容易。C所 述内容就是困难之一：绿藻细胞因为没有了sulfate而减缓工作速度，因此产生不了多少氢气。 D项与第四段末尾所说的“是空气中的氧气在阻止绿藻制造氢气”矛盾。故选C。
根据最后一段Ghirardi所说的话可知，绿藻可以在任何地方生长，而且用途广泛，联系 此段首句可知Ghirardi所说的意在表示绿藻易于广泛应用，有望成为一种好的能源。故选A。 B项未提到，C项“它们将被到处种植”也不是Ghirardi的话的真正意思，他只是说绿藻易于广 泛种植。D项是对文中“feed”一词所在句的错误理解，feed在此意为“养”。第二篇 文章主要讲的是公共土地在美国能源生产方面的重大作用，分别从产量、税收、未开发的传 统能源、替代能源占全国的份额以及能源开发需求等方面进行了介绍。
文章的第三段说，科学家企图将植物或植物类生物细胞作为微型光合作用能源供应站 来研究，并举例说，他们正在用绿藻进行实验，若成功，绿藻所产生的氢气将可用来为汽车的燃 料电池充电。所以答案是D。
由文章第四段最后两句“…algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment.It' s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.（……绿藻在没有空气 的环境下能产生氢气，是空气中的氧气在阻止绿藻制造氢气。）”可知选B。
A、B都不是正确答案，因为短文的第五段、第六段告诉我们，remove the sulfate和work in an airfree environment都是可能的，但问题是两者都有弊端，使氢气的制造不那么容易。C所 述内容就是困难之一：绿藻细胞因为没有了sulfate而减缓工作速度，因此产生不了多少氢气。 D项与第四段末尾所说的“是空气中的氧气在阻止绿藻制造氢气”矛盾。故选C。
根据最后一段Ghirardi所说的话可知，绿藻可以在任何地方生长，而且用途广泛，联系 此段首句可知Ghirardi所说的意在表示绿藻易于广泛应用，有望成为一种好的能源。故选A。 B项未提到，C项“它们将被到处种植”也不是Ghirardi的话的真正意思，他只是说绿藻易于广 泛种植。D项是对文中“feed”一词所在句的错误理解，feed在此意为“养”。第二篇 文章主要讲的是公共土地在美国能源生产方面的重大作用，分别从产量、税收、未开发的传 统能源、替代能源占全国的份额以及能源开发需求等方面进行了介绍。
第7题：
共用题干
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.
The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案：C
解析：
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索，在短文中查找到相关句：A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗) trials this year．该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”，因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索，这样在短文中查找到相关句：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved．划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”，所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文，上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议，因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒，从这个句意来看，显然料体句中的“The plan”，也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”，既然这种想法引发争论，当然也就不可能被普遍接受了，所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索，在短文中找到相关句： Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed．该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”，显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索，这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses，并因此找到相关句：The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies．这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞，然后再消灭它们”，根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说，如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较（than...other)，则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的，是短文中实际未提及的信息，或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况（other)，这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索，结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名，所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索，这样发 现相关句：Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier．句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容（划线结构），该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”，现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关，所以关注上下文：上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学） have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes（与replacement genes呼应）that do not function normally．提到“在过去两年里，遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”，因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”，因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确：原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”，而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索，这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades．但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家，也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼，所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况，因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索，在短文中查找到相关句：A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗) trials this year．该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”，因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索，这样在短文中查找到相关句：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved．划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”，所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文，上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议，因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒，从这个句意来看，显然料体句中的“The plan”，也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”，既然这种想法引发争论，当然也就不可能被普遍接受了，所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索，在短文中找到相关句： Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed．该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”，显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索，这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses，并因此找到相关句：The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies．这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞，然后再消灭它们”，根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说，如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较（than...other)，则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的，是短文中实际未提及的信息，或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况（other)，这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索，结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名，所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索，这样发 现相关句：Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier．句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容（划线结构），该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”，现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关，所以关注上下文：上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学） have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes（与replacement genes呼应）that do not function normally．提到“在过去两年里，遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”，因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”，因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确：原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”，而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索，这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades．但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家，也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼，所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况，因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
第8题：
Working hours in the United States ____________over the past 20 years.
A. have increased
B. increased
C. were increasing
D. have been increased
参考答案：A
第9题：
共用题干
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.
Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immuno deficiency（免疫缺陷）virus(HIV) , one of mankind's most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body's immune（免疫的）defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients'bodies,according to the Observer.
A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have“far wider applications”.
The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus
which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed.
Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient's body fails to work properly.In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学）have led gene therapy sci-entists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.
Unfortunately,the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.
The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients'bodies.
FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案：B
解析：
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索，在短文中查找到相关句：A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗) trials this year．该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”，因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索，这样在短文中查找到相关句：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved．划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”，所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文，上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议，因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒，从这个句意来看，显然料体句中的“The plan”，也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”，既然这种想法引发争论，当然也就不可能被普遍接受了，所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索，在短文中找到相关句： Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed．该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”，显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索，这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses，并因此找到相关句：The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies．这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞，然后再消灭它们”，根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说，如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较（than...other)，则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的，是短文中实际未提及的信息，或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况（other)，这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索，结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名，所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索，这样发 现相关句：Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier．句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容（划线结构），该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”，现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关，所以关注上下文：上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学） have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes（与replacement genes呼应）that do not function normally．提到“在过去两年里，遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”，因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”，因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确：原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”，而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索，这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades．但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家，也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼，所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况，因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
【解析】
题干意为“FDA已经批准了用HIV来治疗人所患的癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词FDA, plan, humans作为定位线索，在短文中查找到相关句：A team at the Cali-fornia-based Salk Institute,one of the world's leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy（治疗) trials this year．该句意为“一个研究小组已经就今年进行临床基因疗法实验问题同FDA进行了谈判”,“进行了谈判”并不等于“已经获得批准”，因此题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“使用HIV使之受益于人们的想法已经得到了普遍的接受”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语idea, HIV和beneficial purpose作为定位线索，这样在短文中查找到相关句：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two dec-ades.Verma said that the idea of.using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes re- moved．划线句提到“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病 毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HIV强烈的致病性”，所以接着注意划线句所在的上下文，上文中提到这个计划很可能会引起争议，因为它涉及到使用一种在过去20年中造成 2200万人死亡的病毒，从这个句意来看，显然料体句中的“The plan”，也就是划线句中的“对 HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法”，既然这种想法引发争论，当然也就不可能被普遍接受了，所以题干陈述的信息与短文内容不一致。
题干意为“只有当致命的基因被去除后HIV才能被安全地用来治疗癌症”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语HIV, the deadly genes作为定位线索，在短文中找到相关句： Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking”but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared (“HIV强烈的致命性已经消失”对应另一线索词safely) by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed．该句意为“对HIV病毒进行有益的使用这种想法可能令人震惊，但是去除HIV病毒中的所有六个致命基因就能消除掉HTV强烈的致命性”，显然这与题干叙述的意思一致。
题干意为“HIV病毒是战胜身体免疫细胞的最佳战士”。利用题干中的细节信息短语an excellent warrior和the body's immune cells作为定位线索，这样在文章中找到相应的结构immune defenses，并因此找到相关句：The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients' bodies．这个句子意为“HIV病毒有能力避开保护我们身体的免疫防御细胞，然后再消灭它们”，根据这个内容判断题干陈述的信息与短文内容一致。
题干意为“其他国家也期望不久以后能开始临床基因疗法的试验”。一般来说，如果题干在把一个事物和其余事物做比较（than...other)，则该题干陈述的信息往往是杜撰的，是短文中实际未提及的信息，或者题干在大范围的谈及其他事物的情况（other)，这往往也是杜撰出的信息。利用题干中的细节信息短语。ther countries , clinical gene therapy trials 作为定位线索，结果发现文章中根本没有提到other countries和其他国家的国名，所以判断题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
题干意为“缺少资金阻碍了使用替代基因来治疗癌症的研究进程”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语progress, lack of money和replacement genes作为定位线索，这样发 现相关句：Unfortunately, the body's immune defenses have been known to attack the modi- fied genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier．句子中只出现了与其中一个核心结构相关的内容（划线结构），该结构意为“缺少合适的基因载体使这个领域中的工作停滞不前”，现在解题的关键就是确认“这个领域”与题干中的using replacement genes to cure cancer 是否相关，所以关注上下文：上文In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics（遗传学） have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes（与replacement genes呼应）that do not function normally．提到“在过去两年里，遗传学上的研究突破使研究基因疗法的科学家们尝试替换掉那些不能正常工作的基因”，因此判断划线句中的the field就是指“使用替代基因”，因此判断题干陈述的信息不正确：原文提到阻碍研究进程的原因是“没有合适的基因载体”，而不是“缺少资金”。
题干意为“HIV病毒已经在发达国家造成了更多的死亡”。利用题干中出现的细节信息短语HIV virus, more deaths和developed countries作为定位线索，这样发现文 章中只在第3段提到了死亡：The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it in-volves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades．但该句中并没有提到具体什么国家，也没有the developed countries 这样的字眼，所以判断短文中根本没有提到发达国家的死亡情况，因此题干陈述的信息为短文中未提及的信息。
第10题：
During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.
A: permanent
B: powerful
C: striking
D: practical
B: powerful
C: striking
D: practical
答案：C
解析：
题干意为“在过去的十年里，国际形势发生了明显的变化。”句中划线词为形容词，意为戏剧的，引人注目的，激动人心的。C项striking意为显著的，突出的，凉人的；例句：He bears a striking resemblance to Lenin．他与列宁有着不同寻常的相似之处。 A项意为永久的，持久的；B项意为强大的，强有力的；D项意为实际的，实用性的；故选C。