职称英语(理工)
第二十二篇 RealWld RobotsWhen you think of a robot, do you envision ashiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being,perfming humanlike functions, responding to your questions in a monotonevoice accentuated by high-pitched tones beeps?
题目
第二十二篇 RealWld Robots
When you think of a robot, do you envision ashiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being,perfming humanlike functions, responding to your questions in a monotonevoice accentuated by high-pitched tones beeps? This is the way many of usimagine a robot, but in the real wld, a robot is not humanoid at all. Insteada robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries outrepetitive dangerous functions usually perfmed by humans. Today’s robot is me than an automatic machine that perfms one taskagain again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees ofartificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains acomputer program that tells it how to perfm tasks associated with human intelligence,such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, learning from past experience.
A robot does not possess a human shape fthe simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remainingbalanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels axlesthat roll rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel move incombination with ts mots. To find its way in its surroundings1, arobot utilizes various built-in senss. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeteras it moves on an incline, a gyroscope a pendulum inside it senses thevertical differential. To determine its distance from an object how quicklyit will reach the object，the robot bounces beams oflaser light ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These other senss constantly feed infmation to the computer, which then analyzesthe infmation crects adjusts the robot’sactions. As science technology advance, the robot too will progress in itsfunctions use of artificial-intelligence programs.
词汇：
envision v. 想象，预想
device n. 装置
accentuate v. 强调，重读
artificial intelligence n. 人工智能
limb n. 臂
antennae n. 天线
incline v. 倾斜
pendulum n. 钟摆
ultrasonic adj. 超声的
metallic adj. 金属的
monotone n. 单调的
humanoid adj. 像人的
axle n. 轮轴
rotate v. 旋转
swivel n. 旋转
teeter v. 摇晃
gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪
vertical n. 直立的
注释：
1.To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……
2.the robot bounces beams of laser light ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上(以此来探知路径)。
练习：3.The last paragraph suggests that futurerobots will be
When you think of a robot, do you envision ashiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being,perfming humanlike functions, responding to your questions in a monotonevoice accentuated by high-pitched tones beeps? This is the way many of usimagine a robot, but in the real wld, a robot is not humanoid at all. Insteada robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries outrepetitive dangerous functions usually perfmed by humans. Today’s robot is me than an automatic machine that perfms one taskagain again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees ofartificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains acomputer program that tells it how to perfm tasks associated with human intelligence,such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, learning from past experience.
A robot does not possess a human shape fthe simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remainingbalanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels axlesthat roll rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel move incombination with ts mots. To find its way in its surroundings1, arobot utilizes various built-in senss. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeteras it moves on an incline, a gyroscope a pendulum inside it senses thevertical differential. To determine its distance from an object how quicklyit will reach the object，the robot bounces beams oflaser light ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These other senss constantly feed infmation to the computer, which then analyzesthe infmation crects adjusts the robot’sactions. As science technology advance, the robot too will progress in itsfunctions use of artificial-intelligence programs.
词汇：
envision v. 想象，预想
device n. 装置
accentuate v. 强调，重读
artificial intelligence n. 人工智能
limb n. 臂
antennae n. 天线
incline v. 倾斜
pendulum n. 钟摆
ultrasonic adj. 超声的
metallic adj. 金属的
monotone n. 单调的
humanoid adj. 像人的
axle n. 轮轴
rotate v. 旋转
swivel n. 旋转
teeter v. 摇晃
gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪
vertical n. 直立的
注释：
1.To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……
2.the robot bounces beams of laser light ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上(以此来探知路径)。
练习：3.The last paragraph suggests that futurerobots will be
A me humanlike inbehavi actions.
B me like automaticmachines.
C better able to moveon inclines.
D better equippedwith laser light senss.
B me like automaticmachines.
C better able to moveon inclines.
D better equippedwith laser light senss.
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相似问题和答案
第1题：
_____ that they eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.
A:So clever are the construction robots
B:Such construction robots are clever
C:So clever the construction robots are
D:Such clever construction robots are
正确答案：A
第2题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
答案：C
解析：
题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”（当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后，在高中期间，他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。）由此可知，乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的，故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。
第3题：
Robots will help people with their housework.55.Robots will help people with their housework.
正确答案：
机器人帮助人们做家务。
机器人帮助人们做家务。
第4题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A:Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
A:Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
答案：C
解析：
题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”（当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后，在高中期间，他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。）由此可知，乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的，故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。
第5题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegio Mellon.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
答案：A
解析：
题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”（当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后，在高中期间，他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。）由此可知，乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的，故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。
第6题：
Robots,(become)increasinglyprevalentinfactoriesandindustrialplantsthroughoutthedevelopedworld,areprogrammedandengineeredtoperformindustrialtaskswithouthumanintervention.
正确答案：
becoming
becoming
第7题：
共用题干
The Robot Man
According to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.
The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.
Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.
By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".
The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.
With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.
These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.
The Robot Man
According to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.
The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.
Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.
By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".
The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.
With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.
These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.
What does Moravec think of these future robots?
A: They will look like previous biological children.
B: They will be humans' mind-children.
C: They will create a dangerous world.
D: They will rule the world.
A: They will look like previous biological children.
B: They will be humans' mind-children.
C: They will create a dangerous world.
D: They will rule the world.
答案：B
解析：
问题是：第二代机器人的显著特点是什么？本文第二段的第一句话是：" The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn.”因此，第二代机器人的显著特点是具有“自主学习”的能力，他能根据设定的程序提供“快乐”或 “痛苦”的刺激。A项没有提到;C和D讲述的是第三代和第四代机器人的特点。
本文第五、六段阐述了未来机器人的能力。第五段的最后一句是“... where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.”其余三个选项与文中内容不符。
作者的写作目的显然不是描述Hans Moravec的生平，而全文都是客观地论述了未来几代机器人的趋势，没有任何主观色彩。所以，A和C显然不对；选项D没有提到。
" plummet”是“急速下降”的意思。也可根据后面的“... eventually to near zero"（最终降到零）判断，stretch , extend , grow的意思是“伸展”,“扩大”,“增长”，因此都不对。
本文最后一段“These future machines will be our ‘ mind children ’ like biological children...”说明了未来机器人是懂得我们思想的孩子。like biological children意思是（在懂得我们思想方面）他们像我们生的孩子，并不是“they look like previous biological children"（长得像）;C、D没有提到。
本文第五、六段阐述了未来机器人的能力。第五段的最后一句是“... where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.”其余三个选项与文中内容不符。
作者的写作目的显然不是描述Hans Moravec的生平，而全文都是客观地论述了未来几代机器人的趋势，没有任何主观色彩。所以，A和C显然不对；选项D没有提到。
" plummet”是“急速下降”的意思。也可根据后面的“... eventually to near zero"（最终降到零）判断，stretch , extend , grow的意思是“伸展”,“扩大”,“增长”，因此都不对。
本文最后一段“These future machines will be our ‘ mind children ’ like biological children...”说明了未来机器人是懂得我们思想的孩子。like biological children意思是（在懂得我们思想方面）他们像我们生的孩子，并不是“they look like previous biological children"（长得像）;C、D没有提到。
第8题：
Robots are programmed and______(engineer)to perform. industrial tasks without human intervention.
正确答案：
engineered[解析] and连接两个并列成分，用被动语态。
engineered[解析] and连接两个并列成分，用被动语态。
第9题：
共用题干
The Robot Man
According to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.
The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.
Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.
By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".
The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.
With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.
These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.
The Robot Man
According to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.
The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.
Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.
By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".
The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.
With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.
These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future.
Which of the following statements is true of the future robots?
A: They will relieve us of many chores.
B: They will take over the information industry.
C: They will never surpass us.
D: They will become high-cost commodity items.
A: They will relieve us of many chores.
B: They will take over the information industry.
C: They will never surpass us.
D: They will become high-cost commodity items.
答案：A
解析：
问题是：第二代机器人的显著特点是什么？本文第二段的第一句话是：" The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn.”因此，第二代机器人的显著特点是具有“自主学习”的能力，他能根据设定的程序提供“快乐”或 “痛苦”的刺激。A项没有提到;C和D讲述的是第三代和第四代机器人的特点。
本文第五、六段阐述了未来机器人的能力。第五段的最后一句是“... where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.”其余三个选项与文中内容不符。
作者的写作目的显然不是描述Hans Moravec的生平，而全文都是客观地论述了未来几代机器人的趋势，没有任何主观色彩。所以，A和C显然不对；选项D没有提到。
" plummet”是“急速下降”的意思。也可根据后面的“... eventually to near zero"（最终降到零）判断，stretch , extend , grow的意思是“伸展”,“扩大”,“增长”，因此都不对。
本文最后一段“These future machines will be our ‘ mind children ’ like biological children...”说明了未来机器人是懂得我们思想的孩子。like biological children意思是（在懂得我们思想方面）他们像我们生的孩子，并不是“they look like previous biological children"（长得像）;C、D没有提到。
本文第五、六段阐述了未来机器人的能力。第五段的最后一句是“... where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.”其余三个选项与文中内容不符。
作者的写作目的显然不是描述Hans Moravec的生平，而全文都是客观地论述了未来几代机器人的趋势，没有任何主观色彩。所以，A和C显然不对；选项D没有提到。
" plummet”是“急速下降”的意思。也可根据后面的“... eventually to near zero"（最终降到零）判断，stretch , extend , grow的意思是“伸展”,“扩大”,“增长”，因此都不对。
本文最后一段“These future machines will be our ‘ mind children ’ like biological children...”说明了未来机器人是懂得我们思想的孩子。like biological children意思是（在懂得我们思想方面）他们像我们生的孩子，并不是“they look like previous biological children"（长得像）;C、D没有提到。
第10题：
共用题干
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker （修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.
“They're the best toys out there,” says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who designs,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved一cars,trains,animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's lab- mates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than the cars,”Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行） through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people.
Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,”I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.
Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned
答案：B
解析：
题干意为“乔赛特在高中时开始制造机器人。”关键词是high school。依据 此关键词，可在文中第二段找到相关叙述：”When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved...Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.”（当 乔赛特还是个孩子的时候就对一切会动的东西感兴趣……之后，在高中期间，他制造了与小汽车相似的移动机器人。）由此可知，乔赛特是从高中开始制造机器人的，故此题说法为“正 确”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“蛇形机器人只能朝四个方向移动。”关健词组是only four directions。依据此关键词组，可在文中第三段第三、四句找到相关叙述：”Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain. ”（有些机器人只能向前后左右四个方向移动，但是蛇形 机器人可以朝很多方向弯曲，并且能越过不同类型的地形。）由此可知，蛇形机器人并不仅仅能 朝四个方向移动，故此题说法为“错误”的。
题干意为“乔赛特直到在卡耐基梅隆工作时才开始研制自己的蛇形机器人。”关键词是Carnegie Mellon。依据此关键词，可在文中第四段第一句找到相关叙述：“ After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots.”（在卡耐基梅隆开始工作之后，乔赛特和同事们开始研制蛇形机器 人。）故此题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“与别人研发的蛇形机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做更多的 动作。”关键词是movements。依据此关健词，可在文中第四段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述： ”Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't,such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.”（乔赛特团队设计的程序可以让机器人做出与真蛇一样的动作，比如滑行和向前缓慢移动。这些机器人还能做出通常情况下蛇无法做出的动作，比如旋转。乔赛特的蛇形机器人可以在草丛中爬行，在池塘里游泳，甚至还能爬旗杆。）由此可知，与那些可以朝很多方向运动，能在多种地形中前行的机器人相比，乔赛特的蛇形机器人能做出更多的动作。故此 题说法为“正确”的。
题干意为“细小的蛇形机器人的应用可以使心脏手术用时减少。”关键词是 heart surgeries。依据此关键词组，可在文中第五段第二、三、四句找到相关叙述：”For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?”（对于某些心脏手术，医生需要透过胸骨为病人开胸。这样的手术恢复起来非常痛苦。如果医生做这 样的手术时只是开一个小洞然后把一个细小的蛇形机器人送入身体会怎么样呢？）这里说原来 的某些心脏手术比较复杂，且恢复起来会很痛苦，但是并没有提到时间的问题，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“将机器人在猪身上测试之后，赞纳提将其在人身上进行了测试。” 关键词是Zenati和pigs。依据关键词。可在文中第六段第二句找到相关叙述：”Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.”（赞纳提在一个塑料的胸部模型上练习使用机器人，然后又在猪身上测试机器人。）由此可知，赞纳提 确实在猪身上测试过机器人，但之后他有没有在人身上测试文中并没有提到，故此说法为“未提及”的。
题干意为“用于人体手术的机器人技术已经为Medrobotics带来了丰厚的利润。”关键词是Medrobotics。依据此关键词，可在文中第七段找到相关叙述：” A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.”（在波士顿，一家名为Medrobotics的公司现在已经将这项技术用于人体手术。）文中并没有提及这 项技术给这家公司带来多少利润，故此说法为“未提及”的。