研究生入学

When we discuss the English language,we illuminate our weaknesses,prejudices and ambitions.Language creates communities,and some of these are solidarities of complainers and pedants.A statement about proper English is a statement not only about the langua

题目
When we discuss the English language,we illuminate our weaknesses,prejudices and ambitions.Language creates communities,and some of these are solidarities of complainers and pedants.A statement about proper English is a statement not only about the language,but also about people-about who the proper English are,or just about who the proper users of English are.Typically,the celebrants and defenders of proper English are celebrating or defending something other than language.Where does our sense of the sproper'come from?In arguing about what is right and what wrong in any language,we appeal to authority.This authority is embodied in academies,the Ministry of Education(or its equivalent)and universities,as well as in the pronouncements of people who have appointed themselves authorities and have become known as such.We commonly accept these judges'pronouncements.There are also geographical criteria.These are evident in statements such as'Natives of Perugia speak the best Italian'or'People in Alsace have funny accents'.Typically,we feel that there are certain environments in which our language is decently used,and we favour the usage that obtains there.(48)Sometimes,too,we defer to the example of a significant literary figure,saying that so-and-so is a model of correctness.A broader view is that'correct English is that which is used by the best writers',but who are they,and what are the criteria for their being so esteemed?The definition tends to be circular:the best writers are the ones who best use the resources of English.When we appeal to aesthetics,our arguments become vague.The aesthetically sensitive arbiter will argue that whatever is beautiful in language is good.(49)The problem here would seem to be that the desire for beautiful language concentrates on language as an object-on the sensory pleasure it affords rather than on what it signifies.Besides,as we know from our observation of others,the constant pursuit of beauty can be embarrassing.Alternatively,we may claim that the most elegant usage is that of the social elite.Perhaps this now seems an absurd position,but not long ago it would have been perfectly normal.The democratic option is to say that all doubtful matters should be decided by ballot,or just to say that the majority is right.We also appeal to logic.(50)Although there are discrepancies between logic and the ways we use language,we frequently use arguments from logic(or from what we imagine to be logic)in order to justify our choice of words or find fault with others'choices.In practice we tend to find our usual practices logical and anything else illogical.'Logic'is often a mask for arrogance and extreme patriotism.

参考答案和解析
答案:
解析:
这种权威具体表现为研究院、教育部(或同等功能的机构)和大学,还体现在那些自诩为权威并以此著称的人所发表的声明中。
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相似问题和答案

第1题:

implicit knowledge refers to our conscious knowledge about the language. we can talk about it, analyse it and apply it in conscious ways. ()

此题为判断题(对,错)。


正确答案:错误

第2题:

英语四级:study abroad

Nowadays , more and more students go to foreign countries to study . many people are spare no effort in applying for going abroad .

About this phenomenon , different people have different points . some people agree with it . first of all , studying abroad is the best way to improve our language . if we want to break away from “ mute English ” , it’s a good method to help you . second , by studying abroad we can better to know foreign countries’ culture . going in a country and we can experience different culture’s charm . last but not least , it’s a good opportunity to travel , make friends with different people and broaden your horizon .

But others disagree with it . in the first few months these students will have a language barrier and hard to go in their society . many students can’t make a good programme when their parents aren’t with them , some of them spend their abroad’ time in vain .

As long as I’m concerned , if we have a chance to study abroad ,we should treasure make full use of it . it will make us be wiser . because of the study’s experience , I believe that our life will also be more beautiful and wonderful .

长时间没认真接触过英语作文,知道有很多低级错误,因为要的比较急,所以还望各位不吝赐教,帮忙修改一下。。。不胜感激。。。


improve our language 后面加上ability吧

second改为secondly

Nowadays , more and more students go to foreign countries to study . many people are spare no effort in applying for going abroad .

现在,越来越多的学生去国外去深造。其中就有很多人不遗余力地申请到国外去留学。

About this phenomenon , different people have different points . some people agree with it . first of all , studying abroad is the best way to improve our language . if we want to break away from “ mute English ” , it’s a good method to help you . second , by studying abroad we can better to know foreign countries’ culture . going in a country and we can experience different culture’s charm . last but not least , it’s a good opportunity to travel , make friends with different people and broaden your horizon .

关于这一现象,不同的人有不同的分。有些人同意这样的说法。首先,出国留学是最好的方法,以改善我们的语言。如果我们想摆脱“哑巴英语”,这是一个很好的方法来帮助你。第二,通过学习国外可以让我们更了解外国的文化。要在一个国家,我们还能体验不同的文化的魅力。最后,但并非最不重要的是,这是一个很好的机会去旅行,广交朋友,与不同的人,开阔你的眼界。

But others disagree with it . in the first few months these students will have a language barrier and hard to go in their society . many students can’t make a good programme when their parents aren’t with them , some of them spend their abroad’ time in vain .

但是其他人不同意它。在最初几个月这些学生将有语言障碍,并努力去。许多学生在他们的社会做不出好节目的时候,他们的父母没有和他们在一起,他们中的一些人花费他们的国外的时间是徒劳的。

As long as I’m concerned , if we have a chance to study abroad ,we should treasure make full use of it . it will make us be wiser . because of the study’s experience , I believe that our life will also be more beautiful and wonderful .

只要我关心的,如果我们有机会去国外学习,我们都应该珍惜充分利用它。它将使我们变得更聪明。因为该研究的经验,我相信,我们的生活也将更加美妙。

1.many people are spare no effort in applying for going abroad .
spare 应该改成 sparing ,一般进行时。

2.About this phenomenon , different people have different points .
这句话总觉得有点不太顺。
point 改成 standpoint 或许更佳。或者直接把这个句子改成:Standpoints vary from person to person. 感觉更舒服些。

3.second , by studying abroad we can better to know foreign countries’ culture .
better不是个动词,所以不能接在情态动词后。应改成we can know foreign countries’ culture better.

4.going in a country and we can experience different culture’s charm .
好像一般不会说go in a country, 可以说成 go to a country.

5.in the first few months these students will have a language barrier and hard to go in their society .
hard前面要加上be,will be hard to do sth.
另外,go in society 也好别扭,step into the society或join the society应该更舒服。

6.many students can’t make a good programme when their parents aren’t with them .
一般没make a programme这种说法,楼主或许是想表达制定计划吧。那应该用schedule。

7.As long as I’m concerned
没这种说法,应该说成As far as I’m concerned。

8.we should treasure make full use of it
这句话把两个动词谓语叠在一起了,可以分开说成we should treasure it and make full use of it。

9. it will make us be wiser
应该去掉be. 说成make us wiser.

比较明显的错误应该就是这些。

在整体上,我建议楼主在写四级作文的时候可以多用些从句,以及对一些词汇进行适当的润色。比如说最后一句的because of,可以说成owing to或者 as a consequence of之类的。agree with 可以说成 in favor of。

总之,这些需要靠平时的积累和练习。总之,希望楼主的英语作文能够取得长足的进步!如果有什么需要追问的话,很高兴能与你交流!
1.many people are spare no effort in applying for going abroad .
spare 应该改成 sparing ,一般进行时。

2.About this phenomenon , different people have different points .
这句话总觉得有点不太顺。
point 改成 standpoint 或许更佳。或者直接把这个句子改成:Standpoints vary from person to person. 感觉更舒服些。

3.second , by studying abroad we can better to know foreign countries’ culture .
better不是个动词,所以不能接在情态动词后。应改成we can know foreign countries’ culture better.

4.going in a country and we can experience different culture’s charm .
好像一般不会说go in a country, 可以说成 go to a country.

5.in the first few months these students will have a language barrier and hard to go in their society .
hard前面要加上be,will be hard to do sth.
另外,go in society 也好别扭,step into the society或join the society应该更舒服。

6.many students can’t make a good programme when their parents aren’t with them .
一般没make a programme这种说法,楼主或许是想表达制定计划吧。那应该用schedule。

7.As long as I’m concerned
没这种说法,应该说成As far as I’m concerned。

8.we should treasure make full use of it
这句话把两个动词谓语叠在一起了,可以分开说成we should treasure it and make full use of it。

9. it will make us be wiser
应该去掉be. 说成make us wiser.

比较明显的错误应该就是这些。

在整体上,我建议楼主在写四级作文的时候可以多用些从句,以及对一些词汇进行适当的润色。比如说最后一句的because of,可以说成owing to或者 as a consequence of之类的。agree with 可以说成 in favor of。

总之,这些需要靠平时的积累和练习。总之,希望楼主的英语作文能够取得长足的进步!

第3题:

D

It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.

I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. .

Different from popular belief ,we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas (known as “mentalese”), and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language . But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form. of a complex tapestry (织锦),writing can only be composed one thread at a time . Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produces new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.

When people write as if some strict critics (批评家) are looking over their shoulder , they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it ,as wonderful and worth putting down . It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.

68. What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?

A They often regret writing poor works

B Some of them write surprisingly much.

C Many of them hate reading their own works

D They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions.


正确答案:C

第4题:

共用题干
English and English Community

1There is no doubt that English is a useful language.The people who speak English
today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of
Chinese.
2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up
the community share a common language.Often they live side by side,as they do in a
neighborhood(街坊),a village,or a city. More often they form a whole country. National
boundaries,however,are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.
A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where
they happen to live.
3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.
For convenience(方便),we may divide the speakers into two groups:one in which the
speakers use English as their native language,the other in which the speakers learn English
as a second language for the purpose of education,commerce,and so on.
4 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind.The history
and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people
and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they
feel .Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication
through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our
heritage.

The boundaries of a speech community may be different from_________.
A: a second language
B: the same language
C: the same speech community
D:any other language
E:national boundaries
F:a part of one's heritage

答案:E
解析:

第5题:

The sentence "But we pay for our sensitivity." in the third paragraph implies that______.

A) we should pay a debt for, our feeling

B) we have to be hurt when We feel something

C) our pain is worth feeling

D) when we feel pain, we are suffering it


正确答案:D
答案:D
[试题分析]综合理解题。
[详细解答]根据上下文,因为下一句指出We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body.显然,这里pay for不是“付钱”的意思,而是指“为…付出”。因此,D为最佳答案。

第6题:

For any Englishman there can never be any discussion as to who is the world's greatest writer. Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him:that of William Shakespeare.

Every Englishman has some knowledge of his work. All of us use words and phrases from Shakespeare's writings that have become a part of the English-speaking people.

Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writer, made full use of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand!

There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman!) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare uses it. Such a study is well worth the effort (it is not, of course, recommended to beginners), even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare's day.

1). From the first two sentences of the passage we can conclude that ________.

A. it can't be discussed about who is the world's greatest dramatist

B. Shakespeare is regarded as the greatest writer

C. Englishmen like to discuss about who is the world's greatest writer

D. it can't be discussed about who is the world's greatest poet

2). According to the passage many English words and phrases that we use today are from _____.

A. Englishmen

B. English speaking people

C. Shakespeare's works

D. ancient people

3). To learn the richness of the English language, people should ______.

A. write and read more

B. be glad to be a foreigner

C. learn from an English man

D. read Shakespeare's plays

4). The author does not suggest beginners reading Shakespeare's plays probably because _____.

A. only Englishmen can understand his plays

B. some of English usage and the meaning of many words have changed

C. the works are too difficult for a beginner

D. the works are for native speakers

5). In this passage the author wants to _______.

A. tell how great a writer Shakespeare is

B. tell that some aspects of English usage have changed since Shakespeare's day

C. tell that some English words are out of use now

D. show the richness of English language


正确答案:BCDCA

第7题:

According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that ______.

A)we fall to listen carefully when they talk

B)people tend to be annoyed when we cheek what they say

C) people usually state one thing hut means another

D)we tend to doubt what our friends say


正确答案:C
答案:C
[试题分析]细节题。
[详细解答]本题的答案可以从第二段开头两句看出来 Why do we go wrong about our friends  or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning,可见,选项C的意思与之相符,应为正确答案。

第8题:

回答 68 ~ 70 题:It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more .But in order to work up the desire to rewrite ,it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.

I am surprised at the number of famouw writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions .One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain whern first written down .Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work..

Different from popular belief ,wen do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbois for ideas (known as “mentalese”), and writing our ideas down is an act of transtation from that symbolic language .But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form. of a complex tapestry (织锦),writing can only be composed one thread at a time .Therefone it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple .It si only by repeatedly rewrting that wen producs new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.

When people write as if some strict critics (批评家) are looking over their shoulder , they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start.Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem .When writing wen should have two different minds .At the first stage ,we should see every idea ,as well as the words we use to express it ,as wonderful and worth putting down .It is only during rewrites that we should examine what wen excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses .

第13题:What do wen learn frome the text about those famous writers?

A. They often regret writing poor works

B. Some of them write surprisinglymuch .

C. Many of them hate reading their own works

D. They are happy to revlew the publishers’ opinions.


正确答案:C

第9题:

30. What is the passage mainly about? 、

A. We must make more friends.

B. Don-t quarrel with our parents.

C. What should we do when our parents quarrel.

D. Sometimes we must stay away from our parents.


正确答案:C
C【解析】全篇都是写关于父母吵架时,“你”应该怎么做的建议。

第10题:

共用题干
English and English Community

1There is no doubt that English is a useful language.The people who speak English
today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of
Chinese.
2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up
the community share a common language.Often they live side by side,as they do in a
neighborhood(街坊),a village,or a city. More often they form a whole country. National
boundaries,however,are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.
A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where
they happen to live.
3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.
For convenience(方便),we may divide the speakers into two groups:one in which the
speakers use English as their native language,the other in which the speakers learn English
as a second language for the purpose of education,commerce,and so on.
4 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind.The history
and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people
and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they
feel .Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication
through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our
heritage.

Paragraph 1________
A:Threat Posed by English
B:Definition of a Speech Community
C:Benefits of Learning a Second Language
D:Advantages of Learning Chinese
E:Two Groups of the English Speech Community
F:A Widely Used Language

答案:F
解析:

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