银行招聘考试
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual w
题目
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.
The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _C____.
b.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligence
c.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence
d. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence
参考答案和解析
相似问题和答案
第1题：
Animals other than humans have not developed communications comparable to human language. But is it possible that other animals have the capacity to learn a language if they are adequately taught? Obviously, this is a fascination notion. The idea of communicating directly with another species has long been a part of human folklore and children’s fantasies. But on a scientific level, the question of whether animals can learn a language is important primarily because it relates to the controversy()between the cognitive and the learning approaches to language. If language is dependent on and is actually an outgrowth of the intellectual structure of the human mind, there is the strong supposition that only humans are capable of using language. Therefore, Noam Chomsky and other psycholinguists have argued that only humans can learn a language, while most behaviorists feel that with sufficient patience it should be possible to teach an animal some sort of language. Although the two schools of thought clearly differ on this point, it is not really a crucial test of the two theories. If a chimpanzee can master a simple language all it would mean is that the chimp’s intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to ours than we thought. It would not necessarily imply that our intellectual structure is unimportant in our own mastery of language. Thus, teaching an animal language is an impressive demonstration of the power of learning techniques, but it is not evidence that language is developed entirely through learning.On the other hand, the question of whether other animals can learn a language is fascination in its own right, aside from its value as a test of the two theories of language development. Accordingly, whatever one’s position on the theoretical dispute, we must consider training an animal to use language a dramatic accomplishment.
36.Which of the following statements is the view of psycholinguists?
A. The cognitive view of language learning says that only human beings can learn language because it is an outgrowth of the structure of the human mind.
B. Other animals simply could master a language.
C. The animals intellectual capacity is much better than human beings.
D. Language is developed by learning.
37.The behaviorists’ view is that __________.
A. language is actually an outgrowth of intellectual structure of the animal’s mind
B. animals have not developed communications system
C. given enough patience, a man should be able to teach an animal some sort of language
D. only human beings can learn language
38.That an animal can master a simple language means that __________.
A. human’s intellectual structure is not important
B. animals’ intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to the humans’
C. the learning techniques are much more important
D. language is developed completely by learning
39.The main idea of paragraph two is ___________.
A. teaching a chimp language is not crucial test of the two theories
B. their brain structure is not similar to human
C. using various methods to let the chimp master a language
D. training a nonhuman to use language is an amazing accomplishment
40.The best title for this passage would be _________.
A. Animals’ language
B. Human’s language
C. Teaching Animals’ Language
D. Can Other Animals Acquire Language?
36.B37.A38.D39.C40.C
第2题：
Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?
demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．
According to the passage, the average I．Q． is__________．
B.100
C.110
D.125
第3题：
Passage Two
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual the sort of environment in which he is reared (抚养). If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster (收养) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
36. This selection can be titled ______.
A. Measuring Your Intelligence
B. Intelligence and Environment
C. The Case of Peter and Mark
D. how the Brain Influences Intelligence
答案为B。根据第一段的中心得出选项B为正确答案。
第4题：
The Bilingual Brain
When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt（干扰）the scanning.
Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
A:Impact.
B:Function.
C:Location.
D:Size.
由文章第二段第一句可知，研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动，故选C。
由文章第三段第一句可知，这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义，这属于中枢的功能，故选B。
由文章第四段第一句可知，从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同，故选A。
文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同，尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式：触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言，尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断，但文中并没有这层隐含之意。
第5题：
Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?
demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．
This selection can best be titled__________．
B.Intelligence and Environment
C.The Case of Peter and Mark
D.How the Brain Influences Intelligence
第6题：
The _______ techniques are used in some of Eugene O’Neil’s plays to highlight the theatrical effect of the rupture between the two sides of an individual human being, the private and the public.
A、naturalistic
B、expressionistic
C、stream-of-consciousness
D、metaphysical
第7题：
Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbe?
demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark． Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same． When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes． Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities． Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college． He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually． This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence． Mark's LQ． was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother． Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level．
?The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that__________．
B.the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence
C.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence
D.persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence
第8题：
The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that ______.
A. human brains differ considerably
B. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence
C. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence
D. a person who is handicapped environmentally will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable
答案为C。根据第二段的中心得出选项C为正确答案。
第9题：
The Bilingual Brain
When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea as a teenager,he had a hard time learning English.Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language.As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York Their work led to an important discovery.They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when they learn a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called an MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people.One group consisted of those who had learned a second language as children.The other consisted of people who,like Kim,learned their second language later in lite.Peoplefrom both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner ,This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of thebrain were getting more blood and were more active.They asked people from both groups to think about whatthey had done the day before ,first in one language and then the other.They couldn't speak out loudbecause any movement would disrupt（干扰）the scanning.
Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca' s area, which isbelieved to control speech production,and Wernicke's area,which is thought to process meaning.Kim andHirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language theywere speaking.But their use of Broca's area was different.
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both tneir first and second languages.People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language.How does Hirsch explain this difference?Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children,their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area.Once that programming is complete,the processing of a new language must be taken over by adifferent part of the brain.
A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do asadults.Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class.
A: use the same region in Broca's area to learn their first and second language
B:learn a second language slower than adults
C:are better at acquiring the sound system of a second language than adults
D:use special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language
由文章第二段第一句可知，研究人员使用一种名为MRI扫描仪的设备来研究这两组学习双语人群的大脑活动，故选C。
由文章第三段第一句可知，这两个中枢的作用分别是控制语言产出和处理语言意义，这属于中枢的功能，故选B。
由文章第四段第一句可知，从儿童时期就开始学习第二语言的人在学习第二语言时所使用的大脑布洛卡区域和学母语时相同，故选A。
文章最后一段主要讲的是儿童和成年人学习语言的方式和手段不同，尤其提到了母亲在教授儿童语言时的独特方式：触觉、视觉和听觉等多种手段并用。这与以后学校的语言学习手段有着很大不同。我们可以推断出母亲很擅长教授孩子语言，尤其从“Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound and sight.”这句话更可以看出。选项D是根据我们学习语言的经验得出的推断，但文中并没有这层隐含之意。
第10题：
As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.
Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease.They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way.One of the world's great thinkers and scientists,Albert Einstein was dyslexic.Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do.He said that he thought in pictures instead.The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic.Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago.Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled.The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different.In most people,the left side of the brain一 the part that controls language is larger than the right side.In persons with dyslexia,the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference.However,research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females,and it is found more often in persons who are left handed.No one knows the cause of dyslexia,but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born.They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help.After they have solved their problems with language,they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
问题句说“世界上许多伟大的思想家和科学家都患有阅读障碍症。”文章第二段仅提到爱因斯坦和爱迪生是阅读障碍症患者，并未讲许多科学家和思想家也有这种情况。因此选C。
利用the first cases作为答案线索词，在第二段找到答案所在句：" Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago.”该句说欧洲和美国在80多年以前首次发现阅读障碍症患者，与问题句The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago吻合。
注意含有“the left side of the brain/the right side of the brain”的句子，可以在第二段找到答案，相关句说：" In persons with dyslexia , the right side of the brain is bigger.”患阅读障碍症的人的右脑比左脑大。所以该题选B。
注意文章中含有“the left handed/the right handed”的句子。找到答案相关句：“…research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females,and it is found more often in persons who are left handed.”该句说有研究表明男人比女人更易患阅读障碍症，惯用左手者比惯用右手者更易患阅读障碍症，据此我们可以推断该句子是正确的。
通读全文，根本就找不到关于“婴儿母亲的不良习惯”的信息。况且文章说阅读障碍的成因尚不清楚，因此选C。
根据intelligent和creative，我们在文章最后一句话找到答案相关句：" After they have solved their problems with language,they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.”该句说解决了语言方面的问题之后，患有阅读障碍症的人往往表现出超人的智慧或创造力。