职称英语(综合)
共用题干 第二篇Call American Their NamesA great difference between American social customs and those of other countries is the way in which names are used.Americans have little concern for"rank",especially socially. Most Americans do not want to be treated in an
题目
第二篇
Call American Their Names
A great difference between American social customs and those of other countries is the way in which names are used.Americans have little concern for"rank",especially socially. Most Americans do not want to be treated in any especially respectful way because of their age or social rank;it makes them feel uncomfortable.Many Americans even find the terms"Mr.","Mrs."or"Miss" too formal.People of all ages may prefer to be called by their first names."Don't call me Mrs. Smith.Just call me Sally."Using only first names usually indicates friendliness and acceptance. However,if you do not feel comfortable using only first names,it is quite acceptable to be more formal.Just smile and say that after a while you will use first names but you are accustomed to being more when you first meet someone.
Very often,introductions are made using both first and last names:"Mary Smith,this is John Jones."In this situation you are free to decide whether to call the lady"Mary"or"Miss Smith". Sometimes both of you will begin a conversation using last names,and after a while one or both of you may begin using first names instead.You have a choice:if you don't want to use first names so quickly, no one will think it impolite if you continue according to your own custom.
A:she is not a married woman
B:she prefers to be called"Sally"
C:she is not Mrs.Smith
D:she likes to be more formal
相似问题和答案
第1题：
III．阅读理解（20分）
A
Every country has its own way of cooking． American people have their way of cooking，don’t they?
Most people in the United States like fast food． But if you think that American people don’t like cooking， you are not right． It’s true that most Americans take fast food as their breakfast and lunch． But they also think cooking is interesting． Parents see the importance of teaching their daughters how to cook． And most Americans say that home cooked meal is the best．Americans have their own way of cooking． For example， baking(烘烤) is the most popu’lar way of cooking in America． We can see ovens in most American families． American cooks． pay attention to the balance of food． In planning a big meal， they try to cook meat， a few vege’ tables， some bread and often some sweet food．They also like to make the meal look beautiful．There are many kinds of food in different colors on the plate， so the meal is healthy and looks beautiful， too．
( )21．Most Americans ________．
A． don't like cooking
B． cook food in the morning
C． like home cooked meal
21.C【解析】从第二段前两句可知。
第2题：
Passage Three
Many visitors finds the fast pace at which American people move very troubling. One's first impression is likely to be that everyone is in a rush. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a short moment.
At first, this may seem unfriendly to you. People will push past you as they walk along the street. You will miss smiles, brief conversations with people as you shop or dine away from home. Do not think that because Americans are in such a hurry they are unfriendly. Often, life is much slower outside the big cities, as is true in other countries as well.
Americans who live in cities often think that everyone is equally in a hurry to get things done; just as city people do in Tokyo, Singapore or Paris, for example. But When they discover that you are a stranger, most Americans become quite kindly and will take great care to help you. If you need help and say, "I am a stranger here. Can you help me?' Most people will stop, smile at you, and help you find you way or answer your questions. Occasionally, you may find someone too busy or perhaps too rushed to give you help. If this happens, do not be discouraged (气馁); just ask someone else. Most Americans enjoy helping a stranger.
41. Many people who first visit the United States will find that______.
A. America is a highly developed country
B. Americans are impatient and unfriendly people
C. the fast pace in American life often causes much trouble
D. American city people seem to be always in a rush
41．答案为D 从短文第一段可知美国人看起来都很忙碌。
第3题：
This passage tells us that ________.
A. the Americans like to eat sweet foods for breakfast
B. all American foods come from other countries
C. not all American foods are really American
D. very few Americans have breakfast every day
第4题：
B Because Americans have big bellies.
C Because Americans are good eaters.
D Because Americans are greedy.
第5题：
Text 4
Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to a different tradition.
The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study more other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, arid in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other, lie is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiated, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals.
Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior. at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior. more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.
36. According to the passage, we can say that anthropology ______.
A)can deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living world
B) can reveal an enormous diversity of traditions
C) can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and nature
D) can distinguish the human race from other creatures
答案：B
[试题分析] 文章主旨判断题。
[详细解答] 实际上提问的是全文的主题，实际上，这一主题不仅第一段已表达，而且贯穿全文。答案应该是B。
第6题：
Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the【31】of the year, or manured a field; but we know【32】about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so【33】so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are【34】that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are,【35】they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in【36】an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and【37】them how to do it most efficiently — this, after all, is【38】conquerors and generals have done -- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other【39】by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of other side, and then【40】that that side which has killed most has won.
(31)
A．number
B．length
C．depth
D．width
解析：length of the year意思为“一年的天数(时间长度)”；其他选项意思与语境不相符合。
第7题：
Many visitors finds the fast pace at which American people move very troubling. One’s first impression is likely to be that everyone is in a rush. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment. At first, this may seem unfriendly to you. Drivers will rush you; storekeepers will be in a hurry as they serve you; people will push past you as they walk along the street. You will miss smiles, brief conversations with people as you shop or dine away from home. Do not think that because Americans are in such a hurry they are unfriendly. Often, life is much slower outside the big cities, as is true in other countries as well. Americans who live in cities such as New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles, often think that everyone is equally in a hurry to get things done; they expect others to “push back”, just as city people do in Tokyo, Singapore or Paris, for example. But when they discover that you are a stranger, most Americans become quite kindly and will take great care to help you. Many of them first came to the city as strangers and they remember how frightening a new city can be .If you need help or want to ask a question, choose a friendly looking person and say, “I am a stranger here. Can you help me?” Most people will stop, smile at you, and help you find you way or answer your questions. But you must let them know that you need help. Otherwise they are likely to pass you by, not noticing that you are new to the city and in need of help. Occasionally, you may find someone too busy or perhaps too rushed to give you aid. If this happens, do not be discouraged; just ask someone else. Most Americans enjoy helping a stranger.
1.Many people who first visit the United States will find that _______.
A、 America is a highly developed country
B、 American city people seem to be always in a rush
C、 the fast pace in American life often causes much trouble
D、 Americans are impatient and unfriendly people
2.When the author says “You will miss smile”, he means ___________.
A、 you will fail to notice that Americans are pleasant and happy
B、 you will be puzzled why Americans do not smile at you
C、 you will feel that Americans do not seem very friendly
D、 you will find that Americans don't have much sense of humor
3.In the author’s opinion, ___________.
A、 it is true that life in New York is much faster than that in any other city
B、 people living outside big cities are lazy and miserable
C、 most American people enjoy living in the suburbs of big cities
D、 those who are busy are not necessarily unfriendly
4.The life pace in cities is much ___________ than the one outside cities.
A、 faster
B、 slower
C、 happier
D、 sadder
5.If you say to an American that you are a stranger there, most probably he will _________.
A、 offer his help
B、 stop smiling at you
C、 help you find the way
D、 reply that he is pleased to meet you
第8题：
How much will international students have misconceptions about the U.S.? In an effort to quash some myths, here are the four most common stereotypes regarding college education in the United States.
Myth 1: American students are not as academically driven in comparison to other nations.
There are more than 3,000 universities in the United States. Some are highly selective, some not at all. The less selective colleges may consist of students who have little concern for their academic well-being, but in the more selective colleges you will find very committed students who will spend countless hours at night on their homework. This is a phrase in the United States called an―all nighter which is used when a student stays up all night to perfect an assignment. In truth, it is an issue of pride.
Myth 2: American students party all night and day.
While American students do enjoy the freedom to explore a full lifestyle, they are also expected to keep up with very high standards of social behavior. and academic excellence. International students often join clubs or organizations where they can become involved in exciting programs both on and off campus.
Myth 3: American students are all rich and can afford a college education.
Although a certain percentage of American college students do come from wealthy families and have large expendable incomes, most American college students come from moderate-income families. Most American students enter college knowing they must apply for loans, work part-time, and earn scholarships in order to meet their financial obligations.
Myth 4: Most Americans (and college students) live in large cities which are crime-ridden with drugs and drive-by shootings.
Of all industrialized nations, the United States has one of the lowest crimerates. College campuses are no exception. Safety is of primary importance to all students, parents, and staff at universities.
Universities centered in major cities have endless services to ensure the safety of all students, from campus transportation services to on-campus police officers. Most of universities located outside of the city are very safe, and various precautions are made based on their demographic situation.
(1) According to the passage, the word-myth means ().
A、tale
B、misunderstanding
C、mistake
D、story
(2) In selective colleges, you will find students ().
A、are not as academically driven in comparison to other nations
B、have little concern for their academic well-being
C、spend countless hours on their homework
D、party all night and day
(3) Which of the following is NOT the way most American students pay for their college education?
A、Work part-time
B、Apply for loans
C、Earn scholarships
D、Borrow money from their parents
(4) College campuses in the United States ().
A、are very safe
B、are crime-ridden
C、have high crime rates
D、are too safe to make precautions
(5) According to the passage, what can we learn about American college students?
A、Students are tired of staying up all night to perfect an assignment.
B、Some students have little concern for their academic well-being.
C、They come from wealthy families and can afford a college education.
D、International students will not join clubs or organizations.
第9题：
该方案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点：
●teaching objectives
●teaching contents
●key and difficult points
●major steps and time allocation
●activities and justifications
教学时间：20分钟
学生概况：某城镇普通高中二年级（第一学期）学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》六级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。 语言素材：
Words, words, words British and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic, or which are used with a different meaning. Some of these words are well known—Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas; the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol. As a tourist, you will need to use the
underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American). Chips or French fries? But other words and expressions are not so well known. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it?s a torch. The British queue up; Americans stand in line. Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets. The British call these crisps. The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic. Have or have got? There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British say Have you got ...? While Americans prefer Do you have ...? An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British). The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them (I’ll see you Monday; Write me soon!). Colour or color? The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling seems simpler: center, color and program instead of' centre, colour and progromme. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. But are they really so important? After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
After this lesson, students will have more interest in exploring the English language culture. Teaching Key＆Difficult Points: Teaching key point: How to make students grasp some details of the passage and read it in different ways. Teaching difficult point: How to encourage students to have confidence in learning English. Major Steps: Step 1 Pre-reading (3minutes) Let students hear recordings of accents from around the English speaking world. (Justification: This step can help students notice the difference of English.) Step 2 While-reading (12 minutes) 1. Fast reading Ask the students to scan the text and find the differences between American English and British English. Invitetwo students to answer it and then show the answer on the PPT. (Vocabulary, grammar, spelling, pronunciation). (Justification: Students will have a general idea of this passage, and their reading ability of scanning can be practiced.) 2. Careful reading Ask the students to read the paragraphs carefully and find the specific differences between British English and American English. Later students should give their answers; teacher will show the details on the PowerPoint.
Differences American English British English Vocabulary automobile, freeway, gas car, highway, petrol Grammar Do vou have…?Write me soon! Have you Lot?？ Write in the soon! Spelling center, color, program centre, colour, programme Pronunciation accent on the East Coast New York accent London accent Glasgow accent (in)
(Justification: Students will understand more about the passage and improve their reading ability.) Step 3 Post-reading (5 minutes) Ask the students to discuss one question in group of four, and then share their opinions. Q: Are there any differences between Chinese in different provinces? (Justification: Help students have more confidence in speaking English and they will get the consciousness of cooperation.)
第10题：
B. a
C.wh
D.er