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天津商业大学外国语学院804语言学及翻译历年考研真题汇编
此题为判断题(对，错)。
B.一般语言学
C.狭义应用语言学
D.广义应用语言学
简述人工智能与机器翻译、人机对话的区别及所需要的语言学知识。
正确答案:人工智能.也叫智能机器人，它能理解人说的话和像人一样说话，不但能自动翻译.回答问题.执行人的语言指令，而且能够根据千变万化的现实情况随时进行判断和推理，并作出文字形式或语言形式的报告.这种技术除了需要语汇.语法.语义语境等语言学本体知识的支持，还有赖于跟生理学，心理学相关的人类抽象思维模式和语言生成机制等更广泛的语言学研究支持.
创办中山大学语言学系的著名语言学家、教育家、翻译家、散文家和诗人是谁？
正确答案: 王力
简述机器翻译的四个层级与语言学知识。
正确答案:可分为四个层级.较低的是单词翻译，即词对词的翻译，这种翻译只需要词语本身的信息.稍高一点的是句法来面和翻译，要求计算机能识别词类.形态和语序，即先对句子的结构进行分析，并调整译句的语序.再高一点是语义来面的翻译，即要计算机能够分析句子的语义关系.更高一点的是语境平面的翻译，即根据上下文和说话的背景等结构外因素来确定译句.目前做到的仅是单词平面翻译.
目 录 2016年天津商业大学804语言学及翻译考研真题 2015年天津商业大学804语言学及翻译考研真题 2014年天津商业大学804语言学及翻译考研真题 2013年天津商业大学804语言学及翻译考研真题 2012年天津商业大学804语言学及翻译考研真题 2011年天津商业大学804语言学及翻译考研真题 2009年天津商业大学807语言学及翻译考研真题 2008年天津商业大学804语言学及翻译考研真题 2007年天津商业大学804语言学及翻译考研真题 20162016年天津商业大学年天津商业大学804804语言学及翻译考研真题语言学及翻译考研真题 天津商业大学2016年研究生入学考试试题 专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 课程名称：语言学及翻译（804）说明：答案标明题号写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上的无效。Part A Linguistics(100 points)I.Studying linguistics,we have come across a lot of technical terms,some of which are listed below.Please write out the most acceptable definitions for each of them.(10 points)a)linguistics;b)language;c)morphology;d)duality;e)cultural transmission;f)phoneme;g)syntax;h)synonyms;i)pragmatics;j)speech community .Studying linguistics we have been acquainted with many linguists,five of whom are listed below.Write out a phrase that may best represent their contributions to linguistics.（10 points）a)Ferdinand de Saussure;b)Noam Chomsky;c)M.A.K.Halliday;d)H.P.Grice;e)Leonard Bloomfield III.Linguistics as a specified discipline has its own technical ways of operation.Try to fill the blanks to demonstrate your technical sense of linguistics.(15 points)1.Please give the corresponding sound segments according to the descriptions:voiced bilabial stop:a)_;alveolar nasal:b)_;voiceless labiodental fricative:c)_.2.A morpheme which can be a word by itself is called a d)_ morpheme,whereas a morpheme that must be attached to another one is a e)_ morpheme.The plural-s in“books”,for example,is a f)_ morpheme.3.Words that are opposite in meaning are antonyms.Oppositeness can be found on different dimensions and different kinds of antonyms have been recognized by linguists.For example,“hot”and“cold”are recognized as g)_ antonyms,“male”and“female”as h)_ antonyms and teacher and pupil as i)_ opposites.4.There are 4 maxims in Cooperative Principle,namely,the maxim of quantity,the maxim of j)_,the maxim of k)_,and the maxim of l)_.5.What function does language perform?Three main functions are often recognized:the m)_ function,the n)_ function and the o)_ function.To be a student of linguistics,it is important to develop a sense of critical thinking.Please answer the following questions to demonstrate your critical potentials.(35 points)1.Prescriptive and descriptive approaches represent two different types of linguistic study.What is the significance of this distinction?2.The distinction between langue and parole was made in the early 20th century.Why was this distinction made?3.The classic semantic triangle was suggested by Ogden and Richards to explain the relationship between words and things.What is the shortcoming of this triangle?4.First consider the following situation:A:Shall we go to the party tonight?B:Well,I have to prepare for the coming exam.Then answer the question:what implicature can you get from Bs utterance?5.First read the following newspaper report:The main factor for the success of Toyota,the number-one company for customer service,is not only its products.Toyota provides the products that customers most want to buy,and designs models that meet peoples changing priorities.In particular,it has responded to the industry trend by providing smaller,more environmentally friendly cars,such as the Prius,a hybrid car with both petrol and electric engines.Then try to analyze the newspaper report in terms of field of discourse,tenor of discourse and mode of discourse.V.Write two short essays on the following topics to demonstrate your potential of doing linguistics.(30 points)1.The following two passages will reveal how language can vary in the degree of formality:Passage A:It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly.Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books,and to bear in mind the needs of other students.Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.Passage B The number of books in the library has been going down.Please make sure you know the rules for borrowing,and dont forget that the library is for everyones convenience.So from now on,were going to enforce the rules strictly.You have been warned!Passage A is obviously more formal than Passage B.Now please compare the two passages and try to point out,with examples,what makes Passage A more formal.2.Different languages may reflect different cultures;different cultures entail different language expressions.Proverbs,sayings and idioms,derived from different origins,also demonstra、te cultural differences.Try to use the animal“dogs”to illustrate this point of view.Part B Translation(50 points)I.Translate the following passage into Chinese.(25 points)Living alone is the new norm.The extraordinary rise of solitary living is the biggest social change that we have neglected to identify,let alone examine.Consider that in 1950,a mere 4 million Americans lived alone,and they made up only 9%of households.Back then,living alone was most common in the open Western statesAlaska,Monta
社会语言学属于（）
- A、理论语言学
- B、广义应用语言学
- C、普通语言学
- D、狭义应用语言学
正确答案:B
应用语言学最早指的是（）。
- A、语言教学
- B、整合零星知
- C、翻译不同语言
- D、进行数据统计
正确答案:A
研究语言学和信息处理的学科属于（）。
- A、社会语言学
- B、文化语言学
- C、应用语言学
- D、本体语言学
正确答案:C
对比分析通过对不同语言的比较，使人们对语言现象的描写和研究、对语言特征的了解更为深入，从而丰富了（）、具体语言学和翻译语言学的理论。
- A、普通语言学
- B、功能主义语言学
- C、历史比较语言学
正确答案:A
社会语言学、人类语言学等边缘学科属于（）
- A、个别语言学
- B、一般语言学
- C、狭义应用语言学
- D、广义应用语言学
正确答案:D