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机器学习第三章答案

The Project Manager has the responsibility of knowing what kind of message to send because his _____ may avoid communications barriers.

A business interfaces

B output

C technical experience

D priorities

E training methods


正确答案:B


The following are examples of external users of accounting information except:()

A、government

B、customers

C、creditors

D、all of the above


正确答案:D


What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?

A. Her training schedule.

B. Her daily happenings.

C. Her achievements.

D. Her sports career.


正确答案:A


4 All organisations require trained employees. However, training can take many forms, some of which are internal to the organisation.

Required:

Explain what is meant by the terms:

(a) Computer based training. (3 marks)


正确答案:
4 All organisations need appropriately trained employees. Due to the nature of modern business, especially the professions, much of this training is internal and often on a one to one basis. Accountants as managers should therefore be able to understand the different approaches to training and which of them is the most appropriate and cost effective for the training requirements of the organisation.
(a) Computer based training can be inexpensive and is based upon user friendly interactive computer programs designed to enable trainees to train on their own and at their own pace.


The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ________ she would stay for an hour.

A.where

B.who

C.which

D.what


正确答案:A


3.1 Give decision trees to represent the following boolean functions: (a) A ? B (b) A B C (c) A XOR B (d) A B C D Ans. (a) A ? B (b) A B C (c) A XOR B (d) A B C D 3.2 Consider the following set of training examples: (a) What is the entropy of this collection of training examples with respect to the target function classification? (b) What is the information gain of a2 relative to these training examples? Ans. (a) Entropy = 1 (b) Gain(a2) = 1-4/6*1-2/6*1 = 0 3.4. ID3 searches for just one consistent hypothesis, whereas the CANDIDATE-ELIMINATION algorithm finds all consistent hypotheses. Consider the correspondence between these two learning algorithms. (a) Show the decision tree that would be learned by ID3 assuming it is given the four training examples for the Enjoy Sport? target concept shown in Table 2.1 of Chapter 2. (b) What is the relationship between the learned decision tree and the version space (shown in Figure 2.3 of Chapter 2) that is learned from these same examples? Is the learned tree equivalent to one of the members of the version space? (c) Add the following training example, and compute the new decision tree. This time, show the value of the information gain for each candidate attribute at each step in growing the tree. Sky Air-Temp Humidity Wind Water Forecast Enjoy-Sport? Sunny Warm Normal Weak Warm Same NoAns. (a) Decision tree: (b) Version space contains all hypotheses consistent with the training examples, whereas, the learned decision tree is one of the hypotheses (i.e., the first acceptable hypothesis with respect to the inductive bias) consistent with the training examples. Also, decision tree has a richer expression than hypothesis of version space which contains only conjunction forms of attribute constraints. If the target function is not contained in the hypothesis space (it may happen as is not a minimum complete basis), the version space will be empty. In this example, the learned decision tree “Sky = Sunny ” is equivalent to of G boundary set. (c) (1) First test: Entropy(X) = -3/5*log2(3/5)-2/5*log2(2/5) = 0.971 Gain(X,Sky) = 0.971-4/5*(-3/4log2 (3/4)-(1/4)log2(1/4)-1/5*0 = 0.322 Gain(X,AirTemp) = 0.971-4/5*(-3/4log2 (3/4)-(1/4)log2(1/4)-1/5*0 = 0.322 Gain(X,Humidity) = 0.971-3/5*(-2/3log2 (2/3)-(1/3)log2(1/3)-2/5*1 = 0.02 Gain(X,Wind) = 0.971-4/5*(-3/4log2 (3/4)-(1/4)log2(1/4)-1/5*0 = 0.322 Gain(X,Water) = 0.971-4/5*(-2/4log2 (2/4)-(2/4)log2(2/4)-1/5*0 = 0.171 Gain(X,Forcast) = 0.971-3/5*(-2/3log2 (2/3)-(1/3)log2(1/3)-2/5*1 = 0.02 So, we choose “Sky” as the test attribute for the root. (note: You can also select AirTemp or Wind as the test attribute) (2) Second test: Entropy(X) = -3/4*log2(3/4)-1/4*log2(1/4) = 0.8113 Gain(X,AirTemp) = 0 Gain(X,Humidity) = 0.3113 Gain(X,Wind) = 0.8113 Gain(X,Water) = 0.1226 Gain(X,Forcast) = 0.1226 So, we choose “Wind” for test. Decision tree:

The two words" collaborator" and "accomplice" are examples given to illustrate that synonyms may differ._____.

A in style

B in their emotive or evaluative meaning

C in their collocation

D slightly in what they mean


答案:B


What are three examples of a CPE-provisioned VPN? ()

A.L2TP

B.2547bis

C.L2F

D.PPTP

E.MPLS


参考答案:A, C, D


What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A. causes for the parent –teen conflicts

B. Examples of the parent –teen war.

C. Solutions for the parent –teen problems

D. Future of the parent-teen relationship


正确答案:C


What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?

A. Her training schedule

B. Her daily happenings

C. Her achievements

D. Her sports career


正确答案:A
 A


What maxim is flouted in such extreme examples of tautologies as "Boys are boys", and"Lies are lies"?

A.The maxim of quantity.
B.The maxim of quality.
C.The maxim of relevance.
D.The maxim of manner.

答案:A
解析:
考查对交际中合作准则的理解。美国哲学家格莱斯Paul Grice认为.在所有的言语交际活动中,说话人和听话人之间为达到某一个共同的交际目标,都有一种默契,一种双方都立遵守的原则。即合作原则,包括以下四条准则:数量准则、质量准则、关联准则和方式准则。数量准则(The maxim of quantity):①自己所说的话达到所要求的详尽程度;②不能使自己所说的话比所要求的更详细。质量准则(The maxim ofquality):①不要说自己认为不真实的话;②不要说自己缺乏足够证据的话。关联准则(The maxim of relevance):说话要贴切。方式准则(The maxim of manner):①避免晦涩的词语;②避免歧义;③说话要简要;④说话要有条理。题干问的是“Boys are boys”和“Lies are lies”这两个同义重复的极端例子违反了哪个准则。题干中“男孩是男孩”“谎言是谎言”表达不够详尽,所以违反了数量准则.故选A。

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