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Intelligence一a Changed View1.Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity,some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements.its value therefore,was as a predictor of children's future learning.If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious.Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age,and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.2.Today,we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years,research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence.Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.3.There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence.Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence,whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigating what happens in this interaction.4.Two major findings have emerged from these researches.Firstly,the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life.It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly,the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship.Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.5.These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence.Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind,we now see it as a set of development skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and,indeed,one of them is learning how to learn.6.The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes,fewer children will be given the label "low IQ"which must inevitably condemn a child in his own,if not society's eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.Paragraph 6_________A:Main Results of Recent Researches.B:Popular Doubt about the New View.C:Effect of Environment on Intelligence.D:Intelligence and Achievement.E:Impact on School Education.F:A Changed View of Intelligence.答案:E解析:文章第二段告诉我们:目前大量的证据表明环境对成就和智力有巨大的影响。家庭贫困的孩子和比他们更为幸运的同学相比,不仅功课和智力测试成绩较差,而且他们的表现有越来越恶化的趋势。因此它强调的是环境对智力的影响。选择C项。文章第四段主要探讨的是“研究产生两个重要的发现”,因此只有A项最合适。文章第五段告诉我们“这些研究结果改变了我们对智力本质的理解”,并详细解释了科学家们对智力发展的新看法,因此只有F项最合适。文章第六段主要讲“与智力的本质有关的现代观念对我们的学校体系将有一些影响”,并介绍了一些学校教育的新方法,因此只有E项最合适。文章倒数第二段第二句话讲到“人们曾经认为智力很大程度上是遗传的大脑的固定能力”,因此只有选项D"智力是婴儿生来拥有的”是合适的。文章第二段告诉我们环境对儿童的智力有很大影响,因此选项F''(智力)与儿童生活环境有关系”是合适的。文章第四段讲到“‘有优势的’和‘没有优势的’孩子之间被衡量的智力的大部分不同可能是因为后者缺乏必要的语言刺激以及感性经历贫乏”,因此选项B"(通过语言与他人交流)孩子们就会有更好的机会发展智力”是合适的。文章最后一句说“我们能够像教孩子阅读或算数一样教孩子变聪明的观念被越来越多的人所接受”,因此A项最合适。
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第二篇Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的), and naturalistic.What is the main idea of this passage? A:The importance of intelligence?B:The development of intelligence tests.C:How to understand intelligence.D:How to become intelligent.答案:C解析:本文主要讲述了心理学家们对如何理解智力的不同见解,提出了对智力理解的两种观点——一般智力和多种智力,以及Gardner对智力的观点和看法。文章标题即为理解智力的方式。第二段也明确地表明心理学家对于智力、天赋以及个人能力的观点各抒己见。对此主要有两种不同观点,一些人认为只有一种普遍存在的智力,还有一些人认为存在许多不同种类的智力。故选C。由文章第三段第二句话“…concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知,坚持一般智力观点的一些心理学家认为,做好一类智力测试的人同样能做好其他测试。故选A。根据第五段第二句话“He believes that all children are different and shouldn' t he tested by one intelligence test.”可知,Gardner相信所有的孩子都是不同的,不应该用同一种测试来检测他们的智力,也就是说他认为孩子们的智力各不相同。故选D。由文章第五段最后一句话“Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.”可知,Gardner认为学校的目标应该是鼓励孩子们全方位地开发智力。故选A。由文章第六段第一句话“Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.”可知,Gardner 的理论有生物学的基础。故选B。
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共用题干
第二篇Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的), and naturalistic.Gardner believes thatA:all children are alikeB:children should take one intelligence testC:there is no general intelligenceD:children have different intelligences答案:D解析:本文主要讲述了心理学家们对如何理解智力的不同见解,提出了对智力理解的两种观点——一般智力和多种智力,以及Gardner对智力的观点和看法。文章标题即为理解智力的方式。第二段也明确地表明心理学家对于智力、天赋以及个人能力的观点各抒己见。对此主要有两种不同观点,一些人认为只有一种普遍存在的智力,还有一些人认为存在许多不同种类的智力。故选C。由文章第三段第二句话“…concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知,坚持一般智力观点的一些心理学家认为,做好一类智力测试的人同样能做好其他测试。故选A。根据第五段第二句话“He believes that all children are different and shouldn' t he tested by one intelligence test.”可知,Gardner相信所有的孩子都是不同的,不应该用同一种测试来检测他们的智力,也就是说他认为孩子们的智力各不相同。故选D。由文章第五段最后一句话“Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.”可知,Gardner认为学校的目标应该是鼓励孩子们全方位地开发智力。故选A。由文章第六段第一句话“Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.”可知,Gardner 的理论有生物学的基础。故选B。
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共用题干
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psy- chologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believesthat all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelli- gences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelli- gences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathe- matical , spatial , musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A:People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.B:Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.C:Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D:Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.答案:A解析:本文主要论述的是心理学家们对智力所持有的不同看法,并通过实验观察来证明自己的观点,因此本文的主要内容就是如何来理解智力,故选C。文章的第三段和第四段是关于generalintelligence的论述。由第三段第二句“Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.”可知,本题应选A。由文章第五段第二句可知,Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的,不能用同一种智力测试来判断,故选B。由文章第五段最后一句可知,Gardner认为学校的目的应该是提倡学生各方面智力的全面发展,故选D。由文章最后一段第一句的内容可知,Gardner认为他的理论是以生物学为根据的,故选A。第二篇本文主要介绍的内容为工人和工厂运营管理之间的关系。本文观点支持工人在公司的管理中享有发言权,并对此进行分析,表明此举可以增加工人的劳动积极性,对公司具有积极意义。
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第二篇Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的), and naturalistic.Gardner thinks that his theory has a________.A:musical foundation B:biological foundationC:intrapersonal foundation D:linguistic foundation答案:B解析:本文主要讲述了心理学家们对如何理解智力的不同见解,提出了对智力理解的两种观点——一般智力和多种智力,以及Gardner对智力的观点和看法。文章标题即为理解智力的方式。第二段也明确地表明心理学家对于智力、天赋以及个人能力的观点各抒己见。对此主要有两种不同观点,一些人认为只有一种普遍存在的智力,还有一些人认为存在许多不同种类的智力。故选C。由文章第三段第二句话“…concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知,坚持一般智力观点的一些心理学家认为,做好一类智力测试的人同样能做好其他测试。故选A。根据第五段第二句话“He believes that all children are different and shouldn' t he tested by one intelligence test.”可知,Gardner相信所有的孩子都是不同的,不应该用同一种测试来检测他们的智力,也就是说他认为孩子们的智力各不相同。故选D。由文章第五段最后一句话“Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.”可知,Gardner认为学校的目标应该是鼓励孩子们全方位地开发智力。故选A。由文章第六段第一句话“Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.”可知,Gardner 的理论有生物学的基础。故选B。
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共用题干
第二篇Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的), and naturalistic.According to Gardner,schools should________.A:promote development of all intelligencesB:test students'IQsC:train students who do poorly on testsD:focus on finding the most intelligent students答案:A解析:本文主要讲述了心理学家们对如何理解智力的不同见解,提出了对智力理解的两种观点——一般智力和多种智力,以及Gardner对智力的观点和看法。文章标题即为理解智力的方式。第二段也明确地表明心理学家对于智力、天赋以及个人能力的观点各抒己见。对此主要有两种不同观点,一些人认为只有一种普遍存在的智力,还有一些人认为存在许多不同种类的智力。故选C。由文章第三段第二句话“…concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.”可知,坚持一般智力观点的一些心理学家认为,做好一类智力测试的人同样能做好其他测试。故选A。根据第五段第二句话“He believes that all children are different and shouldn' t he tested by one intelligence test.”可知,Gardner相信所有的孩子都是不同的,不应该用同一种测试来检测他们的智力,也就是说他认为孩子们的智力各不相同。故选D。由文章第五段最后一句话“Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.”可知,Gardner认为学校的目标应该是鼓励孩子们全方位地开发智力。故选A。由文章第六段第一句话“Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.”可知,Gardner 的理论有生物学的基础。故选B。
考题
There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.
This selection can best be titled_____B____.
a.Measuring Your Intelligence
b.Intelligence and Environment
c.The Case of Peter and Mark
d.How the brain Influences Intelligence
答案:B解析:
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Intelligence一a Changed View1.Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity,some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements.its value therefore,was as a predictor of children's future learning.If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious.Intelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age,and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.2.Today,we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years,research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence.Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates.3.There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence.Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe and measure innate intelligence,whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigating what happens in this interaction.4.Two major findings have emerged from these researches.Firstly,the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life.It is estimated that 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. Secondly,the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship.Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter's lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.5.These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence.Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind,we now see it as a set of development skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and,indeed,one of them is learning how to learn.6.The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes,fewer children will be given the label "low IQ"which must inevitably condemn a child in his own,if not society's eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.It can be inferred from the passage that a child will________if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language.A:born to be more intelligent or less intelligentB:have a better chance to develop his intelligenceC:taught to be more intelligentD:that intelligence was something a baby was born withE:and because of the lack of communication with his classmates F: and partly has to do with a child's living environment答案:B解析:文章第二段告诉我们:目前大量的证据表明环境对成就和智力有巨大的影响。家庭贫困的孩子和比他们更为幸运的同学相比,不仅功课和智力测试成绩较差,而且他们的表现有越来越恶化的趋势。因此它强调的是环境对智力的影响。选择C项。文章第四段主要探讨的是“研究产生两个重要的发现”,因此只有A项最合适。文章第五段告诉我们“这些研究结果改变了我们对智力本质的理解”,并详细解释了科学家们对智力发展的新看法,因此只有F项最合适。文章第六段主要讲“与智力的本质有关的现代观念对我们的学校体系将有一些影响”,并介绍了一些学校教育的新方法,因此只有E项最合适。文章倒数第二段第二句话讲到“人们曾经认为智力很大程度上是遗传的大脑的固定能力”,因此只有选项D"智力是婴儿生来拥有的”是合适的。文章第二段告诉我们环境对儿童的智力有很大影响,因此选项F''(智力)与儿童生活环境有关系”是合适的。文章第四段讲到“‘有优势的’和‘没有优势的’孩子之间被衡量的智力的大部分不同可能是因为后者缺乏必要的语言刺激以及感性经历贫乏”,因此选项B"(通过语言与他人交流)孩子们就会有更好的机会发展智力”是合适的。文章最后一句说“我们能够像教孩子阅读或算数一样教孩子变聪明的观念被越来越多的人所接受”,因此A项最合适。
考题
共用题干
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psy- chologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believesthat all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelli- gences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelli- gences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathe- matical , spatial , musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic.Gardner thinks that his theory has a______.A:biological foundationB:musical foundationC:intrapersonal foundationD:linguistic foundation答案:A解析:本文主要论述的是心理学家们对智力所持有的不同看法,并通过实验观察来证明自己的观点,因此本文的主要内容就是如何来理解智力,故选C。文章的第三段和第四段是关于generalintelligence的论述。由第三段第二句“Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.”可知,本题应选A。由文章第五段第二句可知,Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的,不能用同一种智力测试来判断,故选B。由文章第五段最后一句可知,Gardner认为学校的目的应该是提倡学生各方面智力的全面发展,故选D。由文章最后一段第一句的内容可知,Gardner认为他的理论是以生物学为根据的,故选A。第二篇本文主要介绍的内容为工人和工厂运营管理之间的关系。本文观点支持工人在公司的管理中享有发言权,并对此进行分析,表明此举可以增加工人的劳动积极性,对公司具有积极意义。
考题
共用题干
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psy- chologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believesthat all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelli- gences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelli- gences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathe- matical , spatial , musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic.Gardner believes that______.A:all children are alikeB:children have different intelligencesC:children should take one intelligence testD:there is no general intelligence答案:B解析:本文主要论述的是心理学家们对智力所持有的不同看法,并通过实验观察来证明自己的观点,因此本文的主要内容就是如何来理解智力,故选C。文章的第三段和第四段是关于generalintelligence的论述。由第三段第二句“Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.”可知,本题应选A。由文章第五段第二句可知,Gardner认为所有的孩子都是不同的,不能用同一种智力测试来判断,故选B。由文章第五段最后一句可知,Gardner认为学校的目的应该是提倡学生各方面智力的全面发展,故选D。由文章最后一段第一句的内容可知,Gardner认为他的理论是以生物学为根据的,故选A。第二篇本文主要介绍的内容为工人和工厂运营管理之间的关系。本文观点支持工人在公司的管理中享有发言权,并对此进行分析,表明此举可以增加工人的劳动积极性,对公司具有积极意义。