软考高级
An architectural Style. defines as a family of such systems in terms of a (1) of structural organization.More specifically an architectural style. defines a vocabulary of (2) and connector types, and a set of (3) on how they can be combined. For many styl
题目
An architectural Style. defines as a family of such systems in terms of a (1) of structural organization.More specifically an architectural style. defines a vocabulary of (2) and connector types, and a set of (3) on how they can be combined. For many styles there may also exist one or more (4) that specify how to determine a system's overall properties from the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the years.The best-known examples of (5) architectures are programs written in the Unix shell．
(1)
A．pattern
B．data flow
C．business process
D．position level
相似问题和答案
第1题：
● An architectural style. defines as a family of such systems in terms of a （71） of structural organization. More specifically, an architectural style. defines a vocabulary of （72）and connector types, and a set of （73） on how they can be combined. For many styles themay also exist one or more （74） that specify how to determine a system’s overall propertfrom the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the yearThe best-known examples of （75） architectures are programs written in the Unix shell.
（71）
A. pattern
B. data flow
C. business process
D. position level
（72）
A. metadata
B. components
C. models
D. entities
（73）
A. functions
B. code segments
C. interfaces
D. constraints
（74）
A. semantic models
B. weak entities
C. data schemas
D. business models
（75）
A. event-based
B. object-oriented
C. pipe-and-filter
D. layered
试题（71）～（75）参考译文
一种架构风格以一种结构化组织模式定义一组这样的系统。具体来说，一种架构风格定义了一个构件及连接器类型的词汇表，以及一组关于它们如何能够被关联的约束对于许多风格来说，可能也存在一个或多个语义模型，从系统部件的特性来确定系统的整体特性。许多架构风格已经发展了很多年，众所周知的管道-过滤器架构的例子就是用UNIX shell编写的程序。
参考答案
（71）A（72）B（73）D（74）A（75）C
第2题：
● Information systems design is defined as those tasks that focus on the specification of a detailed computer-based solution. Typically, there are four systems design tasks for in-house development.
1) The first task is to specify （71） , which defines the technologies to be used by one, more, or all information systems in terms of their data, processes, interfaces, and network components. This task is accomplished by analyzing the data models and process models that are initially created during requirements analysis.
2) The next systems design task is to develop the （72） . The purpose of this task is to prepare technical design specifications for a database that will be adaptable to future requirements and expansion.
3) Once the database prototype has been built, the systems designer can work closely with system users to develop input, output and dialogue specifications. The （73） must be specified to ensure that the outputs are not lost, misrouted, misused, or incomplete.
4) The fourth design task involves packaging all the specifications from the previous design tasks into a set of specifications that will guide the （74） activities during the following phases of the systems development methodology.
Finally, we should （75） and update the project plan accordingly. The key deliverable should include a detailed plan for the construction phase that should follow.
（71）
A. an application architecture
B. a distributed system
C. a system scope
D. a system physical model
（72）
A. database design specifications
B. database organization decisions
C. data structure specifications
D. data distribution decisions
（73）
A. format and layout
B. transaction details
C. additional instructions
D. internal controls
（74）
A. system administrator’s
B. system analyst’s
C. computer programmer’s
D. system designer’s
（75）
A. adjust the project schedule
B. reevaluate project feasibility
C. evaluate vendor proposals
D. select the best vendor proposal
第3题：
AH1{font-family:宋体，黑体}。
BH1{font-family宋体，黑体}。
CH1{font-family:宋体 黑体}。
DH1{font-family宋体，黑体}。
第4题：
A. It defines which devices will be sending traps.
B. It specifies where to send traps.
C. It defines the IP addresses of management systems that can access the device.
D. It specifies which devices can be polled for SNMP data.
第5题：
Thesoftware architecture isa set of software components, subsystems,relationships, interactions, the properties of each of these elements,and the set of guiding principles that together constitute thefundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems.（71）defines a general set of element types and their interactions.The examples include Pipes and Filters,Model-View-Controller, and Reflection.A （72）in software architecture is a representation used to understand or document oneor more aspects of a problem or solution. Architectureis usually used in conjunction with many adjunct terms. The（73）defines the key strategies, organization, goals and related processes of theenterprise. Atthe enterprise level, the （74）may be more of a set of guidelines on how the various software architecturesshould be constructed consistently across the enterprise.The （75）, whichdescribes the high-level set of elements involved in application from a particular domainalong with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystemdefinition rather than application process level definition.
A.Architectural pattern
B.Architectural description
C.Architectural view
D.Architectural viewpoint
软件架构是一组软件构件、子系统、关联关系、交互关系以及其中每个元素的特性和一组指导原则，这些共同构成一个软件系统或一组系统的基本特性和约束。架构模式定义了一组通用的元素类型及其交互关系。其中的例子包括PipesandFilters、MVC和Reflection。软件架构中的模型是一种表现形式，用于从一个或多个方面理解或记录一个问题或解决方案。架构通常会与一些附属词结合起来使用。业务架构定义了企业的关键策略、组织、目标和相关过程。在企业层面，应用架构可能更多的是一组关于应该如何在整个企业一致地构建各种软件架构的指导原则。参考架构描述了源自特定领域的应用涉及的高层元素集合及其交互关系，通常用于关注子系统的定义而不是应用过程级别定义。
第6题：
(d) Draft a letter for Tim Blake to send to WM’s investors to include the following:
(i) why you believe robust internal controls to be important; and
(ii) proposals on how internal systems might be improved in the light of the overestimation of mallerite at
WM.
Note: four professional marks are available within the marks allocated to requirement (d) for the structure,
content, style. and layout of the letter.
(16 marks)
You will be aware of the importance of accurate resource valuation to Worldwide Minerals (WM). Unfortunately, I have to
inform. you that the reserve of mallerite, one of our key minerals in a new area of exploration, was found to have been
overestimated after the purchase of a mine. It has been suggested that this information may have an effect on shareholder
value and so I thought it appropriate to write to inform. you of how the board intends to respond to the situation.
In particular, I would like to address two issues. It has been suggested that the overestimation arose because of issues with
the internal control systems at WM. I would firstly like to reassure you of the importance that your board places on sound
internal control systems and then I would like to highlight improvements to internal controls that we shall be implementing
to ensure that the problem should not recur.
(i) Importance of internal control
Internal control systems are essential in all public companies and Worldwide Minerals (WM) is no exception. If anything,
WM’s strategic position makes internal control even more important, operating as it does in many international situations
and dealing with minerals that must be guaranteed in terms of volume, grade and quality. Accordingly, your board
recognises that internal control underpins investor confidence. Investors have traditionally trusted WM’s management
because they have assumed it capable of managing its internal operations. This has, specifically, meant becoming aware
of and controlling known risks. Risks would not be known about and managed without adequate internal control
systems. Internal control, furthermore, helps to manage quality throughout the organisation and it provides
management with information on internal operations and compliance. These features are important in ensuring quality
at all stages in the WM value chain from the extraction of minerals to the delivery of product to our customers. Linked
to this is the importance of internal control in helping to expose and improve underperforming internal operations.
Finally, internal control systems are essential in providing information for internal and external reporting upon which, in
turn, investor confidence rests.
(ii) Proposals to improve internal systems at WM
As you may be aware, mineral estimation and measurement can be problematic, particularly in some regions. Indeed,
there are several factors that can lead to under or overestimation of reserves valuations as a result of geological survey
techniques and regional cultural/social factors. In the case of mallerite, however, the issues that have been brought to
the board’s attention are matters of internal control and it is to these that I would now like to turn.
In first instance, it is clear from the fact that the overestimate was made that we will need to audit geological reports at
an appropriate (and probably lower) level in the organisation in future.
Once a claim has been made about a given mineral resource level, especially one upon which investor returns might
depend, appropriate systems will be instituted to ask for and obtain evidence that such reserves have been correctly and
accurately quantified.
We will recognise that single and verbal source reports of reserve quantities may not necessarily be accurate. This was
one of the apparent causes of the overestimation of mallerite. A system of auditing actual reserves rather than relying
on verbal evidence will rectify this.
The purchase of any going concern business, such as the mallerite mine, is subject to due diligence. WM will be
examining its procedures in this area to ensure that they are fit for purpose in the way that they may not have been in
respect of the purchase of the mallerite mine. I will be taking all appropriate steps to ensure that all of these internal
control issues can be addressed in future.
Thank you for your continued support of Worldwide Minerals and I hope the foregoing goes some way to reassure you
that the company places the highest value on its investors and their loyalty.
Yours faithfully,
Tim Blake
Chairman
第7题：
____
A．Architectural pattern
B．Architectural description
C．Architectural view
D．Architectural viewpoint
A．
B．
C．
D．
第8题：
试题（71）～（75）
The software architecture is a set of software components, subsystems, relationships, interactions, the properties of each of these elements, and the set of guiding principles that together constitute the fundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems. （71） defines a general set of element types and their interactions. The examples include Pipes and Filters, Model-View-Controller, and Reflection. A （72） in software architecture is a representation used to understand or document one or more aspects of a problem or solution. Architecture is usually used in conjunction with many adjunct terms. The （73） defines the key strategies, organization, goals and related processes of the enterprise. At the enterprise level, the （74） may be more of a set of guidelines on how the various software architectures should be constructed consistently across the enterprise. The （75）, which describes the high-level set of elements involved in application from a particular domain along with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystem definition rather than application process level definition.
（71）
A. Architectural pattern
B. Architectural description
C. Architectural view
D. Architectural viewpoint
（72）
A. model
B. domain
C. component
D. subsystem
（73）
A. enterprise architecture
B. technical architecture
C. infrastructure architecture
D. business architecture
（74）
A. enterprise architecture
B. data architecture
C. application architecture
D. information architecture
（75）
A. product-line architecture
B. reference architecture
C. technology architecture
D. infrastructure architecture
参考译文
软件架构是一组软件构件、子系统、关联关系、交互关系以及其中每个元素的特性和一组指导原则，这些共同构成一个软件系统或一组系统的基本特性和约束。架构模式定义了一组通用的元素类型及其交互关系。其中的例子包括Pipes and Filters、MVC和Reflection。软件架构中的模型是一种表现形式，用于从一个或多个方面理解或记录一个问题或解决方案。架构通常会与一些附属词结合起来使用。业务架构定义了企业的关键策略、组织、目标和相关过程。在企业层面，应用架构可能更多的是一组关于应该如何在整个企业一致地构建各种软件架构的指导原则。参考架构描述了源自特定领域的应用涉及的高层元素集合及其交互关系，通常用于关注子系统的定义而不是应用过程级别定义。
参考答案
（71）A （72）A （73）D （74）C （75）B
第9题：
下列选项中不会引起二义性的宏定义是（ ）。
A.#defineS（x）x*x
B.#defineS（x）（x）*（x）
C.#defineS（x）（x）*x
D.#defineS（x）（x*x）
本题考查参数的宏替换。为避免二义性有些参数表达式必须加括号，否则在实参表达式替换时，会出现错误。例如x为(m+n)时替换A：m+n*m+n，所以选项D最符合条件。
第10题：
Family
1. How many are there in your family?