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天津师范大学外国语学院《879语言学与语言习得》历年考研真题及详解合集
此题为判断题(对，错)。
此题为判断题(对，错)。
Section BDirections:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
第11题：He is too young to be able to _______ between right and wrong.
A discard B discern C disperse D disregard
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
参考范文
A Helpless Father
The picture ironically shows that a pitiable old man in rags is being helplessly kicked off by his three sons and a daughter, who all wear decent clothes. The father’s negligent children are all guarding their home gates lest their old father “roll into” their households. In other words, they four ignore their moral sense of assuming the responsibility for their old father even though they may be all living a satisfying life. That is a painful scene we often encounter in our daily life.
Sad to say, the moral decline of the younger generations may be a rather explosive situation in our modern society. People definitely have their living conditions improved by wider and wider margins, as evidenced by the four children’s decent dressing, but their moral sense still remains sadly unchanged or in some cases becomes dramatically downgrading. Most people might have become too much self-centered, and even worse, they discard the tradition of giving respect to the elderly. They no longer care for their elders, let alone their neighbors or the disadvantaged; instead they try every means to avoid responsibility for other citizens. When one cares for others, one might even appear stupid or may even be distrusted.
Therefore, we have to take some useful measures to avoid the scene that is mentioned above. We must launch a variety of campaigns about the return to the good tradition of giving help and love the elderly. Moreover, we must appeal to our government to establish some relevant laws to punish those who avoid their duties. The last but not the least, our respect for age is an indication of the progress of human society, as imperatives of traditions require. We sincerely wish that the old man could be welcome to any of the four households, elegantly dressed, and a smile on the face.
Now more people are buying lottery tickets. Study the following charts carefully and write an article on the topic of lottery. In your article, you should cover the following points: 1) describe the phenomenon; 2) analyze the phenomenon, and give your comments on it. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
二、 参考范文
Nowadays, more and more people, especially in big cities, become interested in buying lottery tickets. According to chart 1, averagely 70 percent of those polled in the survey, held in three big cities, claimed to have dreamed of winning the big prize of five-million yuan. 85 percent of those polled in Guangzhou had had such a dream, compared with 65 percent and 60 percent, respectively, in Beijing and Shanghai.
The attraction of buying lottery tickets is obvious. The winner can get the biggest profit for the future with only a small investment. It realizes the beautiful dream of every participant-to be richer and to improve living standards. As is shown in Chart 2, should they win a big lottery, 81.3% of people would buy a new house, 61.9% would buy a car, and 61.7% would save the money for the education of themselves or their kids. And a great proportion of people say they would put the money in the bank or use it for investment or touring. Despite all the attractions brought by the lottery buying, it has also come under criticism. Some regard it as a kind of gambling, which is a potentially addictive behaviour.
In my opinion, buying lottery tickets is not so bad as some people think. Instead, it is good for society by creating new jobs and representing an important source of income for charity and sports causes. Of course, it is not a means of making money for individuals we should encourage, because the result is hardly predictable. Therefore, we should take a positive but cautious attitude towards lottery buying behavior.
目录2004年天津师范大学外国语学院479语言学与语言习得考研真题及详解2005年天津师范大学外国语学院479语言学与语言习得考研真题及详解2006年天津师范大学外国语学院479语言学与语言习得考研真题及详解2009年天津师范大学外国语学院879语言学与语言习得考研真题及详解2010年天津师范大学外国语学院879语言学与语言习得考研真题及详解 2011年天津师范大学外国语学院879语言学与语言习得考研真题及详解 2004年天津师范大学外国语学院479语言学与语言习得考研真题及详解1Explain the following concepts. If necessary, illustrate your answer withexamples. (45 points, 3 points each)(1) Competence【答案】Competence is the knowledge one subconsciously possesses abouthow to speak a language. It refers to the ideal users knowledge of the rulesof his language. It enables a speaker to produce and understand an indefinitenumber of sentences and to recognize grammatical mistakes and ambiguities.It is stable. Competence is deemed as a property of the mind of eachindividual.(2) Surprasegmentals【答案】Surprasegmental features are those aspects of speech that involvemore than single sound segments. The features that occur above the level ofthe segments and can distinguish meanings are called suprasegmentalfeatures, which include syllable, stress, intonation and tone.(3) Innateness Hypothesis【答案】It was proposed by Norm Chomsky. It believes that language issomewhat innate. Children are born with what Chomsky calls a languageacquisition device. LAD is a unique kind of knowledge that fits the childrenfor language learning. Chomsky argues the child comes into the world withspecific innate endowment, not only with general tendencies or potentialities,but also with knowledge of the nature of the world, and specifically withknowledge of the basic grammatical relations and categories, and thisknowledge is universal. The categories and relations exist in all humanlanguages and all human infants are born with knowledge of them.(4) Allophones【答案】Dictionaries often transcribe the words peak and speak as pi:k andspi:k respectively such broad transcription is said to be “phonemic” as it only shows the sounds by phonemes. However, when the two words areactually pronounced, the /p/ is aspirated in peak and unaspirated in speak. Weknow that in English there is a rule that this sound is unaspirated after /s/ butaspirated in other places. To bring out the “phonetic” difference, an aspiratedsound is transcribed with a raised “h” after the symbol of the sound so aphonetic transcription for peak is phi:k and that for speak is sp=i:k.Phonemic transcriptions are placed between slant lines (/ /) while phonetictranscriptions are placed between square brackets ( ). In phonetic terms,phonemic transcriptions represent the “broad” transcriptions.In the above example, P=, Ph are two different phones and are variants ofthe phoneme /p/. Such variants of a phoneme are called allophones of thesame phoneme.(5) Free Morphemes【答案】Free morphemes are independent of other morphemes and havecomplete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical unitsin sentences. They are identical with root words.(6) Entailment【答案】ENTAILMENT is a logical relationship between two sentences inwhich the truth of the second necessarily follows from the truth of the first.While the falsity of the first follows from the falsity of the second.(7) PRO【答案】In generative linguisticPRO (called “big PRO”, distinct from pro,“small pro” or “little pro”) is a pronominal determiner phras(DP) withoutphonological content. As such, it is part of the set of empty categories. Thenull pronoun PRO is postulated in the subject position of non-finite clauseOne property of PRO is that, when it occurs in a non-finite complementclause, it can be bound by the main clause subject (“subject control”) or themain clause object (“object control”). The presence of PRO in non-finiteclauses lacking overt subjects allows a principled solution for problemsrelating to Binding Theory. (8) S-selection【答案】One sometimes encounters the terms s (emantic) -selection and c(ategory) -selection. The concept of c-selection overlaps to an extent withsubcategorization. Predicates c-select the syntactic categorof theircomplement arguments-e.g. noun (phrase), verb (phrase), adjective (phrase),etc.-i.e. they determine the syntactic category of their complements. Incontrast, predicates s-select the semantic content of their arguments. Thus s-selection is a semantic concept, whereas c-selection is a syntactic one. Whenthe term selection or selectional restrictions appears alone without the c- or s-, s-selection is usually understood.(9) C-command【答案】C-command (constituent command) is a relationship between thenodes of grammatical parse treeIt is closely associated with the phrasestructure grammarof the Chomskyatradition (Government and BindinMinimalist Program), and may not be valid or applicable to the tree structuresof other theories of syntax, such as dependency grammars. The relation of c-command has served as the basis for many explorations and
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
大作文范文
As is illustrated in the picture, the two disabled persons whose crippled legs are bound together do a lot of traveling. Accordingly, this far-reaching picture reflects a common phenomenon in today’s society: the people who are in the dark want to turn the corner but they can not make it respectively and in turn they have to choose to pull together in times of trouble.
There are several reasons accounting for this. Since we have to live in an on-the-move lifestyle, we may encounter various plights, where we would be at a loss rather than to seek for others’ assistance. Further more, if we do not offer help to each other when we confront dilemma, we would not realize our dream. And no issue in China is as basic to build up the society in harmony as to conduct coordination in face of disasters.
Judging from what have been argued above, people have come to realize the value of mutual aid. It is, therefore, necessary that some effective steps be made to advocate spirit of supporting each other. To begin with, the government should make laws to encourage people to unite. In addition, people should enhance the awareness of caring each other especially when they are in trouble. Only in those ways, can we make people, even not being acquaintance, help each other.
Part B
Directions:
Read the following saying and write an essay in which you should
1) interpret the saying,
2) give your comments onthe saying, and
3) write a title for your essay.
A woman’s career, particularly if it is successful, is often blamed for the break-up of a marriage, but never a man’s.
You should writ 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
参考范文
A self-evident prejudice is made clear by the given saying that a woman’s career, particularly if it is successful, is often blamed for the break-up of a marriage, but never a man’s. Those who support the saying attribute the break-up of a marriage to the successful career of the wife. In their eyes, a successful woman devoted to her career will certainly neglect her duties to her husband, her children and thus results in the break-up of the family. This accusation is unfair and absolutely unacceptable.
The prejudice lies in the fact that it has been branded in our mind that women should be inferior to men and they should be at home to foster children and to support their husband. In fact, women should be entitled the rights to have their own careers. They have the rights to get the satisfaction from work besides that from their families. This accusation ignores the fact that the responsibilities for break-up of a marriage should be taken by both parties instead of one. Cleary, to blame a carrer woman for the break-up of a marriage is groundless.
As a conclusion, what has been traditionally taken for granted in our mind should be replaced by more rational ideas. From now on, it should be prescribed in our mind as law of various nations that everyone is born equal and they should be on equal terms.
Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
As is illustrated in the picture, the two disabled persons whose crippled legs are bound together do a lot of traveling. Accordingly, this far-reaching picture reflects a common phenomenon in today’s society: the people who are in the dark want to turn the corner but they can not make it respectively and in turn they have to choose to pull together in times of trouble.
There are several reasons accounting for this. Since we have to live in an on-the-move lifestyle, we may encounter various plights, where we would be at a loss rather than to seek for others’ assistance. Further more, if we do not offer help to each other when we confront dilemma, we would not realize our dream. And no issue in China is as basic to build up the society in harmony as to conduct coordination in face of disasters.
Judging from what have been argued above, people have come to realize the value of mutual aid. It is, therefore, necessary that some effective steps be made to advocate spirit of supporting each other. To begin with, the government should make laws to encourage people to unite. In addition, people should enhance the awareness of caring each other especially when they are in trouble. Only in those ways, can we make people, even not being acquaintance, help each other.
Ⅰ. Phonetics (5 points)
Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. A. meat
B. leap
C. ahead
D. speak
Part B
Directions:
Write an essay with the title “Reading Books in Printed Form. or on Computer” in which you should
1） analyze the strong points and weak points of each one, and
2） tell your own preference and your reasons.
You should write 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
、参考范文
Reading Books in Printed Form. or on Computer
The popularization of computer has made it possible to read books on computer. With it, there is much discussion about whether e-books will replace traditional print-on-paper books.
Some people say they like only e-books, which are quicker and more convenient to get and use. To get a needed book, one has to spend much time or money in searching for or buying it in bookstores, but one can just type in the title, author or other related information of the book to find it in minutes on internet. Sometimes one can even read the full content of a digitized book free of charge or instantly discuss about a book in an online forum. Moreover, a lot of information of books can be stored in a small compact disc, which is easy to take.
Other people, however, think printed books are still necessary. In the first place, too much time in front of the computer can cause eyestrain or increase radiation risks. Second, a printed book can be read at your convenience. One can read in bed before sleep or during a boring journey, without fussing with a computer.
In sum, since e-books and printed books have their respective advantages and can complement each other, I would like to combine the two ways to meet different needs. For quick reference, a digitized book will probably be useful. To appreciate a poem or a novel, I prefer the traditional way of reading on printed books.
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