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Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Se
题目
Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
Moritz calls for the use of"a magnifying glass"to____
Moritz calls for the use of"a magnifying glass"to____
A.raise more funds for fire-prone areas
B.avoid the redirection of federal money
C.find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
D.guarantee safer spending of public funds
B.avoid the redirection of federal money
C.find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
D.guarantee safer spending of public funds
参考答案和解析
答案：D
解析：
根据题干关键词"a magnifying glass"可以定位到第四段第二句。定位句提到“我们需要戴上放大镜来看待此事”，而根据前面一句所说，从全国公共开支的角度来看，控制火灾的经费增加已经成为一个重大的问题，可推知“此事”，就是指公共经费的使用，而定位之后提到“我们是不是要把那些资金转投土地风险更低的地方？”由此可知，戴上“放大镜”是为了确保公共经费更安全地使用，故正确答案为D。
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相似问题和答案
第1题：
根据短文提供的信息，完成 117～120各题。
Taxes are a big part in the United States．Most Americans pay city taxes，state taxes，social security taxes，sales taxes…，and the list seems endless．
The biggest tax for most Americans in that on the money they earn——the income tax．The personal income tax is called a“progressive tax”because it takes more from those who earn more fl or example，a person who earns about 3，500 dollars a year will pay a tax of only about 3．5％of earning. But of the same person earned 85，000 dollars a year， he would pay an In come tax of 35％．
Over the、ears the income tax has become more and more difficult for people to un Dustan D．M almost only half of all-Americans now have t0 pay experts to prepare their tax fee pores in fact，preparing taxes and giving tax advice have become a big industry in America．
第 117 题 Most Americans pay（ ）．
A．taxes which are too many to list．
B．taxes either t0 the cities or the states they live in．
C．so many kinds of taxes that they even don't know the names．
D．several kinds 0f taxes．
正确答案：C
第2题：
三、阅读下面短文，根据短文提供的信息，完成下列各题。共4题。每题1分，共4分。 根据短文提供的信息，完成 117～120 各题。 Taxes are a big part in the United States．Most Americans pay city taxes，state taxes，social security taxes，sales taxes…，and the list seems endless．
The biggest tax for most Americans in that on the money they earn——the income tax．The personal income tax is called a“progressive tax”because it takes more from those who earn more fl or example，a person who earns about 3，500 dollars a year will pay a tax of only about 3．5％of earning. But of the same person earned 85，000 dollars a year， he would pay an In come tax of 35％．
Over the、ears the income tax has become more and more difficult for people to un Dustan D．M almost only half of all-Americans now have t0 pay experts to prepare their tax fee pores in fact，preparing taxes and giving tax advice have become a big industry in America．
第117题：Most Americans pay（ ）．
A．taxes which are too many to list．
B．taxes either t0 the cities or the states they live in．
C．so many kinds of taxes that they even don't know the names．
D．several kinds 0f taxes．
正确答案：C
第3题：
Which of the following can serve as a title of this text?
[A] Hard Time for the Preschoolers
[B] Prosperity of Private Schools
[C] The Problem for Public Schools
[D] Americans 's N0 1 Concern
正确答案：A
45.A该题为主旨题。全文主要讲述儿童进入顶级私立学校困难，名额少，学校筛选过程谨慎，许多父母都在提早为学龄前孩子做准备。选项A“学龄前儿童的艰难时代”符合文意；选项B“私立学校的繁荣兴旺”，只是涉及文章的部分内容，文章主旨围绕的是学生申请私立学校困难这一现象，而不是私立学校本身；选项C“公立学校的难题”，而文中并没有提到；选项D“美国人最关注的问题”即教育，涉及教育方面的内容有很多，本文谈论的仅仅是其中一方 2010年9月笔试真卷参考答案及精析第5页（共12页）面，该说法过于宽泛，B、C、D均不符合文意，故选A。
45.A该题为主旨题。全文主要讲述儿童进入顶级私立学校困难，名额少，学校筛选过程谨慎，许多父母都在提早为学龄前孩子做准备。选项A“学龄前儿童的艰难时代”符合文意；选项B“私立学校的繁荣兴旺”，只是涉及文章的部分内容，文章主旨围绕的是学生申请私立学校困难这一现象，而不是私立学校本身；选项C“公立学校的难题”，而文中并没有提到；选项D“美国人最关注的问题”即教育，涉及教育方面的内容有很多，本文谈论的仅仅是其中一方 2010年9月笔试真卷参考答案及精析第5页（共12页）面，该说法过于宽泛，B、C、D均不符合文意，故选A。
第4题：
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today,occupying about 16%of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95%of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat,USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies（WAFWA）,a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly,doesn’t go far enough“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.
According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in_____
According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in_____
A.the federal government
B.the wildlife agencies
C.the landowners
D.the states
B.the wildlife agencies
C.the landowners
D.the states
答案：D
解析：
根据题干关键词Ashe和leading role可以定位到第三段最后一句，该定位句引用了阿舍的原话，要让“各州坐在物种管理的驾驶座上”，这种比喻手法说明，他认为各州应在物种管理上肩负主导作用，再加上前文多次强调要在计划和政策中纳入各州的管理力量，由此可知，正确答案为D。
第5题：
Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should____
Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should____
A.do away with
B.come to terms with
C.pay a price for
D.keep away from
B.come to terms with
C.pay a price for
D.keep away from
答案：B
解析：
根据题干关键词Professor Balch和fire可以定位至倒数第二段。在该段中，鲍尔奇教授提出，人们不应将火灾看成是一种需要完全控制的事件，而应该认识到火灾是人类生活中不可避免的，只有这样，才能通过制定相关的法规政策和采取适当的行动，将它尽可能地控制在更安全的范围之内，可见，她认为对于火，人们应该采取一种接受的态度，故正确答案为B。
第6题：
We did not foresee the powerful social networking side of the（）and its rapidly growing impact on our society.
A．IP B．Internet C．protocol D．TV
正确答案：
B
第7题：
Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to_____
The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to_____
A.discover the fundamental makeup of nature
B.explore the mechanism of the human systems
C.maximize the role of landscape in human life
D.understand the interrelations of man and nature
B.explore the mechanism of the human systems
C.maximize the role of landscape in human life
D.understand the interrelations of man and nature
答案：D
解析：
根据题干关键词overly simplified view和Moritz mentions可以定位到第八段第二句。定位句指出“如果不能认识到这一点，将会导致‘一个关于解决方式的过于简单的看法’”。而所谓的“这一点”，应该回溯至上一句，莫里兹在该句中强调人类体系和我们生活的这片土地是彼此联系的，其互动是双向的，由此可知，过于简单的观点是由于没有正确理解人类与自然的关系而导致的，故正确答案为D。
第8题：
according to the author, the articles of confederation failed because of the following reasons. which is not true?
A. The Congress could not raise money to pay the national army and to pay debts owed to France and other nations.
B. The Congress had no power to tax any citizen.
C. The new states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other.
D. Some new states wanted to be free from the Union
参考答案：D
第9题：
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today,occupying about 16%of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95%of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat,USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies（WAFWA）,a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly,doesn’t go far enough“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.
The major reason for listing the lesser prairieas threatenedis____
The major reason for listing the lesser prairieas threatenedis____
A.its drastically decreased population
B.the underestimate of the grassland acreage
C.a desperate appeal from some biologists
D.the insistence of private landowners
B.the underestimate of the grassland acreage
C.a desperate appeal from some biologists
D.the insistence of private landowners
答案：A
解析：
根据题干关键词major reason和threatened可以定位到第二段首句The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.而该句中的crash一词所指的则是前文提到过的小松鸡的数量从以往的两百万只急剧下降到22000只。由此可知，正确答案为A。
第10题：
Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_____
More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_____
A.exhausted unprecedented management efforts
B.consumed a record-high percentage of budget
C.severely damaged the ecology of western states
D.caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
B.consumed a record-high percentage of budget
C.severely damaged the ecology of western states
D.caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
答案：B
解析：
根据题干关键词wildfires和in 2015可以定位到第二段第一句。定位句指出，“2015年，美国森林管理局首次花费了其年度预算五十五亿美元的一半以上用于扑灭火灾——比例相较二十年前几乎翻番”，由此可知，花费在火灾上的预算百分比达到了历史上的最高水平，故正确答案为B。